Grinding (video gaming)

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Grinding is a term used in video gaming to describe the process of engaging in repetitive and/or non-entertaining gameplay in order to gain access to other features within the game, or to allow the player to "grind" better/faster.^[1][2] The most common usage is in the context of MMORPGs, such as Final Fantasy XI and World of Warcraft,^[3] in which it is often necessary for a character to repeatedly kill AI-controlled monsters, using basically the same strategy over and over again, in order to advance their character level to be able to access newer content. MUDs, generally sharing much of the same gameplay as MMORPGs, encounter the same syndrome. Grinding can also appear in other games in which features can be unlocked.

Pokémon (especially early titles) stands out as one of the most notorious grinders of all time. It was based around players training a team of powerful Pokémon to a high level, from those they have caught in the wild at a very low level, to compete against teams owned by other trainers, and eventually become the strongest trainer. This invariably involved hours of repeated low-level battles to get one's team strong enough to progress.^{[citation needed]}

Synonyms for grinding include the figurative terms treadmilling^{[citation needed]} (a comparison with exercise treadmills) and pushing the bar (it can be a reference to a weightlifter "pushing the bar" on a bench press, over and over to get muscle gains, or a reference to Skinner boxes in which animals, having learned that pushing a bar will sometimes produce a treat, will devote time to pushing the bar over and over again). Related terms include farming (in which the repetition is undertaken in order to obtain items, relating the activity to tending a farm field), and catassing, which refers to extended or obsessive play sessions. Used as a noun, a grind (or treadmill) is a designed in-game aspect which requires the player to engage in grinding.

The most common form of level treadmill seen is the practice of killing monsters for experience points. In this way, the player progresses towards the next level in order to defeat more powerful monsters.

Criticism of the practice is widespread, e.g. players often claiming that excessive grinding is an easy way for Manufacturers to gain from subscription fees.

Contents 1 Why players grind 2 Controversy 3 Various games' approaches to issues of grinding 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References

[edit] Why players grind

Several answers have been suggested for the question of why players grind. A major motivating factor is the players' desire to pursue what appears to be the game's ultimate goal, which for many games is to reach the highest level.^[1] There is usually little or no incentive for players to continually seek new challenges. Once they have found a means to reach their goal they will be averse to tackling new risks and instead repeatedly play through familiar content.^[1] Sometimes players might actually enjoy repetitive tasks as a way of relaxing, especially if performing the task has a persistent, positive result.^[4]

One reason that is less influenced by player choice is a lack of game content or to be able to battle stronger enemies.^[2] If the player experiences all interesting content at the current level before reaching the next objective, the only alternative might be for the player to grind to the next level.^[1] "Interesting content" is key here since the player might have been given "new content" that is too similar to previous content to be considered interesting by the player. ^{[note 1][5]}

Additionally, the players may grind for the enjoyment of being better at the game. Putting in the time to grind leads the player to gain experience and level up. Increases in level come with additional statistics boosts and abilities, which in turn allow the player to defeat stronger enemies. The gamer knows that time invested in grinding is directly related to your strength or ability in the game. This relationship is encouraging to players, consistently rewarding their grinding effort.^[2]

[edit] Controversy

The idea of having a designed in-game aspect likely to cause players to stop being entertained seems contradictory to good game design, but has been justified in several different ways. The first is that it helps ensure a level playing field.^[5] According to the Pareto principle, players with better aim, faster reactions, or more extensive tactical knowledge will quickly dominate the entire game, frustrating the now-powerless vast majority. Thus, by creating a direct correlation between in-game power and time spent grinding, every player will at least have the potential to reach the top 20% (although the Pareto principle will still apply to the amount of time spent grinding). This was explored further in Raph Koster's 2003 presentation Small Worlds.^[6]

A further counter-argument is that the problem is not that talent and skill are rewarded, but that the rewards are based on relative talent and skill. If only the top 20% of a game's players are rewarded, 80% must be receiving no reward, even if objectively they are highly talented. If there is no hope in the future of these players being rewarded, they will likely leave the game, causing the population to shrink, and thus reducing the number of people who can be in the top 20%. Grinding has the benefit that, although only 20% of the population may be rewarded at any given time, 100% of the population will have the potential to be rewarded in the future, and will have no reason to quit. Raph Koster also addressed this issue: "... the average user is below average — meaning, the median user lies below the mean on the win-loss curve, because the win-loss curve turns out to be a power-law distribution." ^[5] Of course this Pareto theory can be all wrong and all of the above mean nothing to the real problem of grinding nor the reasons behind its existence.

A further argument, however, is that the "level playing field" effect could be provided by any time-consuming behaviour that is accessible to all and provides game advancement. It is not necessary for the behaviour to be tedious or repetitive, as the term grinding generally implies: for example, in a game where advancement is gained by killing monsters, the game could provide such a huge variety of monsters and environments that no two kills are ever the same, and as long as all players remained equally capable of killing the monsters, the same leveling-off effect would be generated. Thus, the "level playing field" effect is considered by some to be a misleading attempt to hide the real reason for grinding: unwillingness to budget sufficient content resources to produce a varied game.

Another alternative to grinds would be to remove designer-defined objectives, leaving the player free to do whatever they want. The problem with this is that many players might be confused about what they are supposed to do, or they might lack the motivation to do much of anything in the virtual world.^[5] To reflect these different playing objectives (or lack thereof), an open-ended game of this style, such as The Sims, is sometimes called a "software toy."

Players of subscription-based online games often criticize grinds as a heavy-handed attempt to gain profit. The most interesting and challenging gameplay is often only available to characters at the highest levels, who are the only ones strong enough to participate in raids or player versus player combat. Grinding is seen as a reason to increase the amount of time it takes to reach these levels, forcing the player to pay more subscription fees along the way. An example of this kind of MMORPG is RuneScape, which requires players to spend massive amounts of time to achieve the highest level.^{[citation needed]} Some games have made the skills available unstable and largely luck-based. This slight variance from the norm, while refreshing, has been a source of frustration among many players that worked hard on gaining the levels through grinding. In contrast, enthusiasts of the genre have objected to the term grind as an oversimplification of MMO gameplay. They argue that, like traditional role-playing games, there is no goal in MMORPGs other than to enjoy the experience. However, some would argue that in traditional RPGs, players play to act out their character as well; in fact, some players deliberately create weak characters because they find them interesting to play.

Another criticism of the entire leveling concept is that it often allows the player to avoid difficult challenges (such as strategic or reflexive challenges that one might encounter when fighting a powerful opponent) by simply spending a large amount of time battling weak characters who are easily defeated in order to gain levels (a practice known as bottomfeeding), so as to have little difficulty vanquishing the main enemy.

It has also been observed that intense grinding can actively damage the role-playing aspect of a game by making nonsense of the simulated world. A classic example of this occurred in Star Wars Galaxies, where skills were improved by using them. It was therefore possible to see groups of three people, in which

• one person was repeatedly deliberately falling over, taking a small amount of damage each time;
• another person was healing the first, increasing one's healing skill, and taking "stress" damage oneself;
• a third person was dancing for the other, relieving their "stress" damage and increasing their dancing skill.

Star wars galaxies has since changed their skill sets to a simpler format known as nge or new game experience, causing most players to quit the game because it became too simplistic.

The IGDA Online Games Special Interest Group has noted that level treadmills are part of the addictive quality of MMORPGs that caters to those who play more than 25 hours a week (hardcore gamers).^[7]

[edit] Various games' approaches to issues of grinding

• RuneScape has a skill called Slayer, where players are assigned to tasks of defeating a certain number of a specific type of creature. The monsters are randomly chosen based on the player's combat level and by defeating the creatures assigned players gain experience which increase their Slayer level. However, sometimes the tasks themselves may take a long time and can be considered "grinding". A new skill, released on April 12, 2010 called "Dungeoneering" was created in order to have a non-grind skill. However there was much controversy over whether the skill was a "real skill" or not.^[8]

• The Lord of the Rings Online features a "title system" in which players are rewarded special titles, and often new abilities, for killing massive quantities of particular types of enemies. This can make grinding both lucrative and enjoyable, as the player benefits from the added experience points and can receive a title who can show off to other players. For example, killing large amounts of Warg grants the player the "Warg-Slayer" title. Killing even more Warg results in more advanced titles, such as "Warg Foe" and so on. This system also exists in City of Heroes/City of Villains, where these "titles" are named "badges".

• Guild Wars tries to reduce grinding by using a very low maximum level (20) which can be reached within 24 hours of playing the game. Equipment with maximum statistics is also easy to obtain. Players can still improve themselves by searching for rare equipment (with the same statistics, but different looks), or gathering points for titles, which are mostly 'for looks'. The game was designed to be difficult even for players who have reached the maximum level and obtained the best equipment, but without creating huge gaps between the hardcore and casual players so that both could enjoy the same challenges. Additionally, more time spent playing only produces better-looking characters, rather than stronger characters, so that, unlike most MMORPGs, success is not a matter of having more hours to spend doing the same thing, but rather about strategy.

• Eve Online features a system that does not require continuous play to increase character skill. Characters are plugged in to their ship's computer and are trained at a rate based on their attributes. Attributes can be enhanced via skills or cybernetic implants to decrease training time. Training occurs continuously, in real time, whether the player is logged in or not. Some of the advanced skills can take as long as a month or more of to reach the next level. Players still have to grind for ISK (money), minerals, and NPC faction standing.

• Final Fantasy XI features a "Chain" effect, which occurs when a player kills the same monster over and over, doing so increases the number on the Chain and improves the rarity of the items dropped by the killed enemy, providing better loot. With a maximum of 999 chained kills, the Chain can only be broken by killing a different monster, or leaving the area.

• MapleStory features an entire party quest, called the Dojo PQ, that can be done with several players or by yourself. It is available to all players level 25 or above. It is a boss rush, in which the player or players revisit many bosses, one by one, all in a row. There are two rewards that promote grinding in this particular party quest. The first is after you beat every boss, you get Dojo points, which, when accumulated in large amounts, can be used to get equipment for your character which boost stats. The second is that you get a title for 24 hours when you beat a certain boss 100 times.^[9]

• World of Warcraft tries to make dungeons that be can played one part at a time, so that players can play the game in smaller chunks of time. This is because most people can't afford to dedicate several hours of continuous playing time to clear them.^[3]

• Some games, e.g. FarmVille, consist exclusively of elements that in other games would be considered 'grinding'.

• The Secret World is going to use a level-less system, based on skills you can take around certain skill trees. This was stated by the Ragnar Tornquist in an interview he had with Gamespot GDC 09. Other elements developed with the purpose of eliminating grinding is allow players to get involved into the events of the game world from the very start.

[edit] See also

• Experience point
• Level (computer and video games)
• Progress Quest

[edit] Notes

[edit] References