Madame Rebecca Garang: “…tribalism will not find a room to come out”

The finals of the Miss Malaika 2010 beauty pageant were held a few weeks ago in Juba. Rows upon rows of plastic chairs at Nyakuron Cultural Center were filled with an enthusiastic crowd as “the beauty that is New Sudan” (as the MC put it) was on display. A special part of the evening was a speech that Madame Rebecca Garang—the widow of the late southern war hero and leader John Garang—delivered to a rapt audience. The respect that Ms. Garang commands in Southern Sudan is remarkable, not because it is surprising, but because it is palpable when she walks through a room or prepares to address a crowd. The speech she gave on the evening of December 4 gave me chills and I wanted to share it here because I think it reflects the significance of this historical moment in Southern Sudan. In this speech to her people made just over one month before they are set to vote in an independence referendum, Ms. Garang artfully moved though the topics of racism, oppression, tribalism, feminism, the impact of war, and desire.

Here is the transcribed speech in its entirety:

South Sudan oyay/ South Sudan oyay/ SPLM oyay/ Miss Malaika oyay South Sudan artists oyay/ South Sudan musicians oyay.

A minute of silence for our fallen heroes, before we say anything. Please forgive me for that but we need to do that so that our people know that they did not die in vain. Thank you please be seated.

We need to remember always our fallen heroes. Their spirit. Their soul. So we should not forget about them. I’m really very happy tonight for my children who have invited me to come and stay with you tonight. To be here I feel beautiful already.

And you know, somebody like me feels this is what we have been missing. For many years, 50 years, our children have been missing what is happening tonight.

I feel happy to see Southern Sudan rejoicing. I feel great and secure about what is happening here. It looks like the night, the evening when Dr. John was invited to Khartoum, when he went to Khartoum, it is just like that evening, so it is very powerful, very beautiful, and let me assure you that it will continue always like this.

To the organizers, the sponsors, I’m really happy and I pray for you, so that God can give you in abundance to support events like this in Southern Sudan. You know when you see your daughters and sons walk on the stage, on catwalk, somebody, a mother like me, would ask herself, ‘really did I give birth do a daughter like that?’

And especially when you see her in the magazine, these are the things that we have been denied for many years, for our mothers to see the beauty in the country called Sudan.

So tonight I’m really happy to be standing in front of you to tell you that the beauty of Southern Sudan, we have already seen from the Mundari girls, I was almost dancing with them there. You see they don’t need to go to gym to shake something out, they are already slim, so you see how Southern Sudan can make very beautiful women no matter what they are wearing and you see our men how disciplined they are and they are almost naked, and they’re really handsome. But they really are very disciplined because our culture teaches such things in us. The culture teaches such things in us.

In others places you bring somebody out like that we will be in crisis but thank God that Southern Sudan is very powerful and such things have to be exposed, so that  our children really know what is outside there. The world has to know as well Southern Sudan. They know the Southern Sudan of war, Southern Sudan of emergency relief food, Southern Sudan of diseases, but this is what we are fighting from all the corners so that our children our free from the diseases.

I’m really very happy tonight these girls who are going to walk here, I hope somebody will not snatch them tonight. Please let them walk here peacefully, let them continue and I think they are going to be celebrities and I wanted to tell them, whoever is chosen, we are all beautiful

I think the person who will be chosen tonight will need our support. We will need to support her and all those other people  who are not supported are also celebrities and you know the wonders that tonight will do in your CV. Don’t throw it away. Don’t throw away tonight and say that because I’m not been selected, I’m nobody, no, it will go down in your CV: Miss Malaika Number 5 2010, it will go down in your CV. What I need is the spirit of unity. The spirit of now.

I always put them like this: I would say, understanding, respect, and love. Three goes together and if you have these three, tribalism will not find a room to come out.

You will be the champion where? The champion in Jonglei, in Warrap, in Lakes state, in Unity state, they are all our children from Southern Sudan.

So please…[brief remarks in Arabic]when I was dancing w/ Mundari people I feel I’m from the Mundari [tribe], if the Dinka are dancing I feel I’m Dinka, if the Bari are dancing I’m Bari. I feel not only from Southern Sudan, but I stand tall as an African woman.

Don’t let anybody bring you down to the level of tribes. You must always stand up, you always stand up as an African woman and the lowest that you could come, the lowest that you could come is Southern Sudan, not being an Acholi or a Zande. Don’t let anybody bring you down to that level [of tribes]. You ought to stand tall as an African woman, an African girl. When I go to South Africa, as an African woman, and especially in Kenya, I’m a Luo, I’m a Kalengin, you see when I don’t speak their language they are shy so tonight I don’t want to miss this opportunity. I don’t want to close the doors of what you came for. It is not my night, I am here ,I was given a mic to come and say that this Miss Malaika 2010 is open. God bless you.

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Wishing you Happy Holidays and a Peaceful Referendum

JUBA, Sudan–I’ve haven’t heard many carols this year, but something spirited is certainly in the air in the Southern Sudanese capital this holiday season. It’s the referendum. The south’s independence vote is looming larger here every day, in many ways.

There’s the towering and hard-to-miss digital countdown clock in one of Juba’s most hectic roundabouts. There’s the massive quantity of pro-separation paraphernalia blanketing the city (I received an email a yesterday from a pro-separation activist saying that “100,000 Referendum T-Shirts, 100,000 Caps, 100,000 Paper Flags and 200,000 Posters,” which he called “referendum awareness material,” had been delivered from Nairobi by a civil society group called Countdown to South Sudan Referendum 2011; I will post photos of the t-shirts etc. soon). And more than signs and shirts, there is a pervasive feeling of excitement, anticipation, and uncertainty among Juba residents, from the East African motorcycle taxi drivers I know to everyday southern citizens working in markets, schools, and clinics, to aid workers to diplomats to journalists…the referendum is the unavoidable topic of conversation, but given its huge import internationally and even larger impact here in Southern Sudan, why would anyone want to discuss anything else? (Cue someone pointing out my tunnel vision on Southern Sudan).

I was struck by these thoughts when I walked into a Chinese restaurant in Juba this evening and saw a festive red banner hung over the balcony of the vaguely pagoda-shaped building. I copped the title of this post from the message on the banner. A nice and very fitting holiday sentiment indeed.

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Friendly but serious word-up…

…to Juba-based and Juba-bound journalists covering the referendum:

The Carter Center’s latest statement on the referendum process—focused on the recently concluded voter registration period—had this to say about us journalists who covered voter registration:

Media coverage. At the start of registration, Carter Center observers noted that members of the domestic and international media acted intrusively in Juba, interfering in the process to take pictures of people registering and conducting interviews with referendum center staff at the height of the registration process. The Carter Center urges members of the media to demonstrate respect for the referendum process while performing their duties, particularly during what will likely be a high-volume polling day on Jan. 9. The Carter Center remains disappointed by the prevalence of media coverage that seeks to emphasize the potential for volatility rather than the progress that has been made toward implementation of the referendum. The Carter Center calls on representatives of the media to provide balanced and accurate coverage of the referendum process.

Fair enough. I’m going to do my best to heed this reasonable call from The Carter Center to not prevent polling staff and voters alike from doing their damndest to participate in what is arguably the most significant event in the history of Southern Sudan. Fellow journos or anyone else present for the January polling (observers etc.), feel free to remind me as needed to get out the way…

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From Cairo to Canberra to Kansas: Southern Sudanese say “Referendum Oyay”

JUBA, Sudan–Not far from my hometown, in Seattle, Washington, there’s a voter registration center open at 608 Maynard Ave. S., from 9 am to 6pm Monday through Saturday and from noon until 5pm on Sundays. Nope, my fellow Washingtonians are not prepping to participate in some ballot initiative or another. The registration center is for Southern Sudanese people who live in Washington state and who want to participate in determining the future of their homeland.

The United Nations’ International Organization for Migration (IOM) is organizing “Out of Country Voting” in eight countries, so that Southern Sudan’s undeniably far-flung (think Australia to California to the UK) diaspora population. Kudos to the people who organized this effort.

It’s a startling contrast to think of voter registration happening in rainy holiday-season Seattle and at the same time under a tree in villages without electricity in various corners of Southern Sudan. But there you have it: the south’s self-determination vote is historic, and its impact will be far-reaching not only within the borders of Sudan and in its immediate vicinity in the region, but all over the world, where Southern Sudanese are getting the chance to exercise a hard-won right. I for one am humbled by the extraordinary process underway here in the south right now, where the U.N. mission will soon deploy its 24 helicopters once more to deliver referendum ballots around the south (as you may have heard, sometimes even 4×4 LandCrusiers aren’t tough enough to make to some areas). Meanwhile, I’m noticing southern government officials emphasizing the positive at every chance and for the most part resisting the (often understandable) urge to sharply criticize the NCP for truly excessive foot-dragging on talks between Khartoum and Juba to pave a smooth post-referendum path for Sudan’s north and south.

As much as it’s easy to type the words “tensions are running high,” I’d rather focus on a different sentiment: the south’s independence referendum is an incredibly emotional issue for the people of Southern Sudan and for Sudan as a whole, and these emotions are becoming palpable in day-to-day interactions I have here and in political events and public rallies across the south (Josh Kron had a nice NYT piece last week at the 30-day countdown mark that aptly captured the mood of that day).

P.S. A quick explanatory note to any readers who might be based outside of Southern Sudan: “Oyay” is a popular phrase here and it is usually tacked on to anything people tend to like to cheer about: the referendum, for example (see the post’s title above), or the south’s ruling party (“SPLM Oyay!” is a familiar refrain at political rallies etc.) or a prominent public figure in the south (“James Hoth Mai Oyay!” — he’s the southern army chief of staff and folks were cheering for him while he danced onstage at the recent competition in Juba to choose Southern Sudan’s national anthem).

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Sudanese Journalists Report from Abyei and Highlight Local Voices

The Dutch development organization SNV funds a very cool project in Sudan which enables local journalists to travel to different areas of Sudan to report on issues critical to the future of their country. The project, called “The Juba Briefings,” started earlier this year with an issue on land tenure issues in the south’s Eastern Equatoria state. The idea behind the project, suggested by its name, is to inform the people of Juba about what is happening around the country, since many of the bustling new capital’s citizens aren’t able to frequently visit places outside of Juba, like Torit for example (the capital of Eastern Equatoria).

The second edition was published this week and you can read it in pdf form by clicking here: Juba Briefing Dec2010nv. It focuses on capturing the voices of people from the Abyei area–the Ngok Dinka and Misseriya populations who will be directly affected by the outcomes of high-level negotiations occurring now on the future of Abyei.

See below for a couple excerpts from this Briefing, titled “Abyei Voices: Messages for the Future.” The great thing about this particular edition of the publication is that it features the verbatim opinions of the people of Abyei, collected by journalists from three different parts of Sudan. The sad thing is that most of these views illustrate a severely polarized situation on the ground between the pastoralist Misseriya people who seasonally graze through Abyei and the Ngok Dinka who call the area their homeland:

Nyiol Paguot, Dinka elder:

“The future of Abyei is under threat, because
the government wants to rule over us
by force. Our main worry is that the NCP
might attack the area once we decide to join
the South…People are waiting to retaliate. Nowadays
people are being seen missing. We suspect
that the Misseriya, the JIUs, and Arab militias
are responsible for this.”

Mahasin Adam, a 20-year-old Misseriya woman:

“Many people think that the issue of Abyei
only concerns Misseriya and Dinka but it is the
rest of the country that can drag us into war. All
the country should work hard to solve the problem.
I hope there is peace in all of Sudan, not
just in Abyei because Sudan is like a body – if
one part suffers than all is affected.”

This past Monday, President Barack Obama’s special envoy to Sudan, Maj. Gen. Scott Gration told reporters on a conference call that it was no longer possible for Abyei’s self-determination vote–separate from the south’s referendum but originally scheduled (per the 2005 peace deal) for the same date–to happen on time…or at all. Gration made reference to the possibility of a political solution to Abyei. This euphemism for a negotiated settlement which would split the region between north and south–where exactly the new border would be drawn is unsurprisingly hotly contested–is increasingly being practically discussed as the most likely possibility. This settlement might be viewed as the final chapter of not only months of negotiations between Khartoum and Juba, but years and years of agreements, protocols, rulings, and promises–not to be dramatic, but all of these things have been broken or abrogated. In considering if this possibility could become a reality, it’s worth considering Ms. Adam’s words quoted above. What does a broken Abyei mean for the post-referendum future of Sudan, or of the two Sudans?

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Where S. Sudan meets Darfur

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I just returned from a visit to Kiir Adem, a disputed zone in a little-known stretch of Sudan’s 1,300-mile north-south border. I filed this piece (www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/14/AR2010121402277.html) for AP, and I’ll be writing more in the coming days about what the recent aerial bombardments by the northern Sudanese military might suggest about current and future (read: pre- and post- referendum) relations between Sudan’s north and south.

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Border Bombings

In the past two weeks, there have been two separate rumblings–in the form of aerial bombardments by the northern Sudanese army–in one of the contested zones along Sudan’s north-south border.

Here is my analysis (for ForeignPolicy.com) of what the first one (on Nov. 12) might mean. And here’s the Reuters report on the latest bombing (on Wed. the 24th) , in the same Northern Bahr el Ghazal/South Darfur border nexus (though yesterday’s bombs reportedly hit squarely in southern territory, in a zone north of the NBG state capital, Aweil, but still below the north-south “1956 line”).

It’s hard not to view each and every political and military development in Sudan these days directly in the context of the south’s January self-determination vote…

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“Fear needs to be replaced by hope”

Here is a letter to the editor of The Guardian written by Eduardo Kussala Hiiboro, Bishop of the Catholic Diocese of Tambur-Yambio in Western Equatoria state–a green, lush corner of the south which borders Congo and the Central African Republic and has sadly been plagued by persistent attacks in recent years by the Lord’s Resistance Army. I very much appreciated the sentiment of Bishop Hiiboro’s letter–which he wrote in response to a November 16 article in The Guardian–and I have pasted the entire letter below. It was published online today (link above):

Peace is still possible in southern Sudan

You clearly outline the challenges my country faces (Report, 16 November). Preparations for voting are behind schedule, troops are building on the border, and expectations are very high. As leaders of Sudan‘s Catholic church, we are acutely aware of the uncertainty and fear that burden the people of Sudan as the country faces the vote on independence in the south. However, these tensions need not and should not lead to war. Regardless of the choices made and the lines drawn, peace is possible.

If the outcome of the referendum proves flawed or manipulated, it is likely to lead to instability and violence. Careful monitoring and an international mechanism must be put in place to resolve any dispute. I urge the foreign secretary to support this process during his time heading the UN security council. Regardless of the result, hundreds of thousands of people may migrate or be forced to migrate. In my diocese, we have readied ourselves to respond to the urgent humanitarian consequences, supported by Cafod and other Catholic aid agencies.

Fear needs to be replaced by hope. As spiritual leaders, we have been working tirelessly as counsellors and peace-makers, and we will use our influence to try to maintain calm. We call on all people of goodwill to join us in our 101 days of prayer for a peaceful referendum.

Eduardo Kussala Hiiboro

Bishop of Tambura-Yambio, southern Sudan

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Kala Azar and Petrodar

I’ve just returned from a week-long trip to Upper Nile state. If you’re paying attention to Southern Sudan right now, watch this state, there’s a lot going on here (how’s that for imprecise? just trust me on this one).

Despite the interesting issues at stake, I was in a bit of a funk all week, tired and ready to head home for a little vacation before the Southern Sudan referendum rush ensues.

Luckily the photographer with whom I frequently work thought we should go visit a medical clinic in the town of Melut, a tranquil Nile River-side town not far from the oil-rich area of Paloich, where the lion’s share of Southern Sudan’s daily oil output originates.

I was jolted out of my malaise at the clinic by the energy of a health worker whose name now escapes me.  She showed us what was happening there.

A 27-year old dead yesterday from kala azar disease. One stomach-bloated twin toddler. An elderly man sprawled on the dirt awaiting treatment.

Malnourishment contributes to the contraction of kala azar, a disease that has now reached the level of an “epidemic” in this area of Southern Sudan.  New patients are coming into this clinic every day. Some come on foot, others in taxis that cost relatively exorbitant sums for these families. The disease is not deadly if treated in time. These details go in and out of my vacant overheated brain that afternoon. A 27-year old dead yesterday remains.

Nearly 300,000 barrels of crude per day pumped out of the soil roughly 50 kilometers from this clinic. Compensation or not, a 27-year old dead yesterday from an arcane tropical disease and malnutrition.

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One hand or two?: Ballot symbols chosen for the southern referendum

The Southern Sudan Referendum Commission unveiled yesterday the symbols which will appear on the ballots indicating the two choices voters have in the January 9 vote on southern self-determination. Those choices are “unity” or “separation,” and the commission has opted to represent them visually using the pictures shown above: hands clasped for unity, and a single palm for separation.

The majority of southerners cannot read or write, so the symbol they will see on the ballot is a crucial element of the referendum process. Likewise, getting the word–more accurately, the picture–out to the will-be Southern Sudanese voters, who are scattered in villages across the France-sized south, will be significant challenge that will need to be accomplished in the short time remaining before the referendum.

There’s a song played often at various and sundry political and cultural events in Juba, it goes “yes for separation, no for unity.” It’s so catchy that I find myself humming it after I leave these events. I was wondering this morning if “one hand for separation, two for unity” could be the revised lyrics of the song, in order to get the word out, at least to the English-speaking Juba population (themselves an elite minority in the south), about the contents of the ballot.

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