@article {275,
	title = {Integrated and Automated Project Processes in Civil Engineering: Experiences of the Center for Integrated Facility Engineering at Stanford University},
	number = {TR132},
	year = {2002},
	month = {02/2002},
	abstract = {This paper summarizes some of the highlights of CIFE research since 1989 and summarizes some of our findings. We describe a case example of an integrated model of a project, including the product, a construction process, and the design-construction organization. Traditionally, concurrent engineering has focused on eliminating "over-the-wall" rework through integrated design of product and process. We have extended this focus by including the manufacturing facility, the project delivery process and the managing organization in the scope of concurrent engineering. We integrate the product-process model as a "4D" model, including x-y-z and time. Product, process and organization simulation models provide decision support from a broad perspective. The process and organization models together describe the activities to design and construct the product and the groups that do the work. The results of our research suggest a number of open research questions that we introduce in the case example: how to represent models of facilities, processes and organizations so they can be both analyzed by the computer and viewed by the stakeholders at multiple levels of detail; how to do automated interpretation of those multi-level models to support knowledge-intensive engineering activities; how to achieve interoperability among different software applications that typically are distributed; how to include all relevant project stakeholders in design review, analysis and development; and finally the grand question: Considering all the things that can (and cannot) be done with research today, which have the biggest potential impact on project cost, duration , quality, and safety?},
	keywords = {4-D, Design-Construction Organization, Integrated Model, Product},
	attachments = {http://cife.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/TR132.pdf},
	author = {Kunz, John and Fischer, Martin and John Haymaker and Levitt, Raymond}
}
