Richard Ryan Williams
Assistant Professor of Computer Science
Bio
Williams works in the design and analysis of efficient algorithms and computational complexity theory. A major interest is to understand how the art of finding good algorithms for solving problems relates to the art of proving lower bounds, which are limitations on solving problems via good algorithms. Deep relationships between the existence of mildly efficient algorithms for simple problems in circuit analysis, and strong limitations on what problems circuits can solve, are presently being uncovered by Williams and others. Williams is also interested in theoretical topics that help give scientific explanations for computational phenomena, such as the unreasonable effectiveness of satisfiability solvers in practice.
Honors & Awards
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Microsoft Research Faculty Fellowship, Microsoft (2013)
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Graduate Research Fellowship, NSF (2001-2004)
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Best Student Paper, ICALP (2004)
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Best Student Paper, IEEE Conf. on Computational Complexity (2005 and 2007)
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SCS Distinguished Dissertation Award (Honorable Mention), Carnegie Mellon (2008)
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Josef Raviv Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Computer Science, IBM (2009-2011)
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Best Paper Award, IEEE Conf. on Computational Complexity (2011)
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Fellowship, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (2013)
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Invited Speaker, International Congress of Mathematicians (2014)
Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations
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Member, ACM (2008 - Present)
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Member, Computational Complexity Conference Steering Committee (2011 - 2014)
Professional Education
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PhD, Carnegie Mellon University, Computer Science (2007)
2014-15 Courses
- Computational Complexity
CS 254 (Spr) - Introduction to Automata and Complexity Theory
CS 154 (Win) - Parameterized Algorithms and Complexity
CS 266 (Aut) -
Independent Studies (15)
- Advanced Reading and Research
CS 499 (Aut, Win, Spr) - Advanced Reading and Research
CS 499P (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Curricular Practical Training
CS 390A (Win, Spr, Sum) - Curricular Practical Training
CS 390B (Win, Spr, Sum) - Curricular Practical Training
CS 390C (Win, Spr, Sum) - Independent Project
CS 399 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Independent Project
CS 399P (Aut) - Independent Work
CS 199 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Independent Work
CS 199P (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Part-Time Curricular Practical Training
CS 390Q (Spr) - Part-Time Curricular Practical Training
CS 390R (Sum) - Part-time Curricular Practical Training
CS 390P (Win, Spr) - Programming Service Project
CS 192 (Win, Spr, Sum) - Senior Project
CS 191 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Writing Intensive Senior Project (WIM)
CS 191W (Aut, Win, Spr)
- Advanced Reading and Research
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Prior Year Courses
2013-14 Courses
- Introduction to Automata and Complexity Theory
CS 154 (Win) - Topics in Circuit Complexity
CS 354 (Spr)
2012-13 Courses
- Introduction to Automata and Complexity Theory
CS 154 (Win) - Parameterized Algorithms and Complexity
CS 266 (Spr)
2011-12 Courses
- Introduction to Automata and Complexity Theory
CS 154 (Win) - Topics in Circuit Complexity
CS 354 (Aut)
- Introduction to Automata and Complexity Theory
Journal Articles
- General k-Anonymization is Hard CMU Technical Report CMU-CS-03-113.
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Maximizing Conjunctive Views in Deletion Propagation
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON DATABASE SYSTEMS
2012; 37 (4)
View details for DOI 10.1145/2389241.2389243
View details for Web of Science ID 000312942400002
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Non-Uniform ACC Circuit Lower Bounds
2011 IEEE 26TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY (CCC)
2011: 115-125
View details for DOI 10.1109/CCC.2011.36
View details for Web of Science ID 000295468700012
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Finding Heaviest H-Subgraphs in Real Weighted Graphs, with Applications
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON ALGORITHMS
2010; 6 (3)
View details for DOI 10.1145/1798596.1798597
View details for Web of Science ID 000279362000001
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Improving Exhaustive Search Implies Superpolynomial Lower Bounds
STOC 2010: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 ACM SYMPOSIUM ON THEORY OF COMPUTING
2010: 231-240
View details for Web of Science ID 000286949900024
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Finding paths of length k in O*(2(k)) time
INFORMATION PROCESSING LETTERS
2009; 109 (6): 315-318
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ipl.2008.11.004
View details for Web of Science ID 000263714600003
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Regularity Lemmas and Combinatorial Algorithms
2009 50TH ANNUAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE: FOCS 2009, PROCEEDINGS
2009: 745-754
View details for DOI 10.1109/FOCS.2009.76
View details for Web of Science ID 000278330300070
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Finding, Minimizing, and Counting Weighted Subgraphs
STOC'09: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 ACM SYMPOSIUM ON THEORY OF COMPUTING
2009: 455-463
View details for Web of Science ID 000268182000051
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Time-space tradeoffs for counting NP solutions modulo integers
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY
2008; 17 (2): 179-219
View details for DOI 10.1007/s00037-008-0248-y
View details for Web of Science ID 000256672300003
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A new combinatorial approach for sparse graph problems
AUTOMATA, LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS
2008; 5125: 108-120
View details for Web of Science ID 000258073400010
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Matrix-Vector Multiplication in Sub-Quadratic Time (Some Preprocessing Required)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL ACM-SIAM SYMPOSIUM ON DISCRETE ALGORITHMS
2007: 995-1001
View details for Web of Science ID 000281596700107
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All-Pairs Bottleneck Paths For General Graphs in Truly Sub-Cubic Time
STOC 07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 39TH ANNUAL ACM SYMPOSIUM ON THEORY OF COMPUTING
2007: 585-589
View details for Web of Science ID 000267050000064
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Time-space tradeoffs for counting NP solutions modulo integers
TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY, PROCEEDINGS
2007: 70-82
View details for Web of Science ID 000247964300008
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Inductive time-space lower bounds for SAT and related problems
COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY
2006; 15 (4): 433-470
View details for DOI 10.1007/s00037-007-0221-1
View details for Web of Science ID 000246611200005
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Finding the smallest H-subgraph in real weighted graphs and related problems
AUTOMATA, LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING, PT 1
2006; 4051: 262-273
View details for Web of Science ID 000239474500024
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Confronting Hardness Using a Hybrid Approach
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTHEENTH ANNUAL ACM-SIAM SYMPOSIUM ON DISCRETE ALGORITHMS
2006: 1-10
View details for Web of Science ID 000281596300001
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A new algorithm for optimal 2-constraint satisfaction and its implications
THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE
2005; 348 (2-3): 357-365
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.tcs.2005.09.023
View details for Web of Science ID 000233671500016
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Better time-space lower bounds for SAT and related problems
TWENTIETH ANNUAL IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY, PROCEEDINGS
2005: 40-49
View details for Web of Science ID 000230552300004
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A new algorithm for optimal constraint satisfaction and its implications
AUTOMATA , LANGUAGES AND PROGRAMMING, PROCEEDINGS
2004; 3142: 1227-1237
View details for Web of Science ID 000223656400101
- Defying Hardness With a Hybrid Approach CMU Technical Report CMU-CS-04-159 2004
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Enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease patients (ENRICHD): Study design and methods
AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL
2000; 139 (1): 1-9
View details for Web of Science ID 000084631300001
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A second-best evaluation of eight policy instruments to reduce carbon emissions
RESOURCE AND ENERGY ECONOMICS
1999; 21 (3-4): 347-373
View details for Web of Science ID 000081101200006
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The cost-effectiveness of alternative instruments for environmental protection in a second-best setting
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS
1999; 72 (3): 329-360
View details for Web of Science ID 000080524800001
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Revisiting the cost of protectionism: The role of tax distortions in the labor market
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
1999; 47 (2): 429-447
View details for Web of Science ID 000079456700008
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When can carbon abatement policies increase welfare? The fundamental role of distorted factor markets
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
1999; 37 (1): 52-84
View details for Web of Science ID 000078385400004
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The double dividend when environmental quality affects health or productivity
91ST ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON TAXATION, PROCEEDINGS
1999: 63-69
View details for Web of Science ID 000089017900011
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Interactions of HLA-B*4801 with peptide and CD8
TISSUE ANTIGENS
1997; 50 (3): 258-264
Abstract
Functional properties of the B*4801 allotype were investigated using HLA class I-deficient 221 cells transfected with B*4801 cDNA. From pool sequence analysis of endogenously bound peptides, B*4801 was shown to select for nonamer peptides having glutamine or lysine at position 2 and leucine at the carboxyl-terminus. In an in vitro cell-cell binding assay, B*4801 binds CD8 alpha homodimers weakly due to the presence of a threonine residue at position 245 in the alpha 3 domain. A mutant B*4801 molecule in which alanine replaces threonine 245, binds CD8 alpha homodimers at levels comparable to those of other HLA class I allotypes. Despite the low affinity of B*4801 for CD8 alpha, alloreactive T-cells that recognize B*4801 molecules expressed by the 221 transfectant are inhibited by anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of 25 B*48-expressing individuals from various populations showed threonine 245 was encoded by every B*48 allele.
View details for Web of Science ID A1997XX09000005
View details for PubMedID 9331948
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Three new HLA-B alleles found in Mexican-Americans
TISSUE ANTIGENS
1995; 46 (5): 414-416
View details for Web of Science ID A1995TK99900014
View details for PubMedID 8838356
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JOB STRAIN AND THE PREVALENCE AND OUTCOME OF CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE
CIRCULATION
1995; 92 (3): 327-333
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude ("job strain") can lead to coronary disease. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of coronary disease at angiography or with long-term outcome in patients with angiographic coronary disease.Employed patients under the age of 65 years undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography completed a self-administered questionnaire about their job duties and work environment. Job strain was measured by the method of Karasek. Patients were separated into three groups, based on extent of coronary disease: significant disease (> or = 75% stenosis), insignificant disease (> 0% but < 75% stenosis), and normal coronary arteries. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazards model. The 1489 patients enrolled had a median age of 52 years; 76% were male and 88% were white. By design, all patients were employed, 60% in white-collar jobs and only 16% in jobs requiring heavy labor. Traditional cardiac risk factors were most prevalent in the 922 patients with significant coronary artery disease, at intermediate levels in the 204 patients with insignificant disease, and least prevalent in the 363 patients with normal coronary arteries (all P < .01). Job strain was actually more common in patients with normal coronary arteries (35%) than in patients with insignificant (26%) or significant disease (25%, P < .002). In a multivariate analysis, job strain was not significantly correlated with the presence of coronary disease. Job strain was not correlated with angina frequency at the time of angiography. Job strain was not a predictor of cardiac events (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) during follow-up.Job strain was not correlated with the prevalence or severity of coronary artery disease in a cohort of patients undergoing coronary angiography. The outcome of patients with angiographically defined coronary disease was not affected by the level of job strain as measured by the method of Karasek.
View details for Web of Science ID A1995RL56200012
View details for PubMedID 7634445
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TASK-FORCE-5 - PROFILE OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SPECIALIST - TRENDS IN NEEDS AND SUPPLY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
1994; 24 (2): 313-321
View details for Web of Science ID A1994PH37600006
View details for PubMedID 8034862
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EFFECTS OF CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY, CORONARY-BYPASS SURGERY, AND MEDICAL THERAPY ON EMPLOYMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE - A PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON STUDY
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
1994; 120 (2): 111-117
Abstract
To compare return-to-work rates after coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass surgery, and medical therapy in patients with coronary disease.Prospective cohort study.Tertiary care referral center.Between March 1986 and June 1990, we enrolled 1252 patients who were younger than 65 years, who had not had previous coronary revascularization, and who were employed. All patients were followed for 1 year.One-year employment status.After 1 year, 84% of patients who had coronary angioplasty were still working compared with 79% of patients who had bypass surgery and with 76% of patients who received medicine. After adjusting for the more favorable baseline characteristics of patients who had angioplasty (less severe coronary artery disease, better left ventricular function, and less functional impairment), however, no significant differences were noted in 1-year employment rates among the three groups. These adjusted 1-year return-to-work rates were 84% for angioplasty, 80% for surgery, and 79% for medicine (P > 0.05). In a random subset of 72 patients, 23 patients who had angioplasty returned to work after a median of 18 days (mean, 27 days) compared with 54 days (mean, 67 days) for 24 patients having bypass surgery and with 14 days (mean, 45 days) for 25 patients receiving medicine (P = 0.002).Patients who had coronary angioplasty were able to return to work earlier than those who had bypass surgery, but by 1 year no significant difference was noted in employment rates. Neither revascularization strategy improved employment rates when compared with initial treatment using medical therapy.
View details for Web of Science ID A1994MQ67100003
View details for PubMedID 8256969
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THE EFFECTS OF BONE-CEMENT POWDER ON HUMAN ADHERENT MONOCYTES MACROPHAGES IN-VITRO
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH
1993; 27 (8): 1039-1046
Abstract
This study reports the effects of Simplex bone cement powder (BC) on the proliferation and production of bone resorbing factors in vitro by human adherent monocytes/macrophages. Adherent peripheral blood cells were isolated from seven healthy individuals and exposed to a dispersion of BC powder (1 mg/mL), phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 40 micrograms/mL), or medium alone at different periods of cell incubation (days 0-2, 0-7, 5-7, or 10-12). Cell proliferation was quantified by incorporation of 3H-thymidine uptake. Culture supernatants were evaluated for levels of interleukin 1-like activity (IL-1) by murine thymocyte proliferation assay, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by radioimmunoassay, lysosomal enzyme activity (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase using fluorometry, and collagen and casein degrading activity using radioactive substrates. Human adherent peripheral blood cells showed a proliferative response to PHA that coincided with cell maturation; BC did not inhibit PHA-induced cell proliferation of either adherent or nonadherent blood cells, indicating the non-toxic nature of these particles at the concentrations tested. BC stimulated increased release of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; the levels of PGE2, IL-1, collagenase, and caseinase were unchanged.
View details for Web of Science ID A1993LM05200008
View details for PubMedID 8408116
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1ST MEASUREMENT OF THE LEFT-RIGHT CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY IN Z-BOSON PRODUCTION BY E+E- COLLISIONS
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
1993; 70 (17): 2515-2520
View details for Web of Science ID A1993KY50300003
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SEROLOGIC CROSS-REACTIVITIES POORLY REFLECT ALLELIC RELATIONSHIPS IN THE HLA-B12 AND HLA-B21 GROUPS - DOMINANT EPITOPES OF THE ALPHA-2 HELIX
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
1992; 149 (11): 3563-3568
Abstract
Previous analysis has emphasized the correlation between primary structures of class I HLA molecules and their patterns of serologic cross-reactivity. Here we describe the structures of two serologic groups of HLA-B alleles for which this is not the case. HLA-B45, an allele associated with black populations, is serologically paired with B44 in the B12 group; its structure, however, is divergent from that of B44 but closely related to B50. The BN21 (B*4005) allele is associated with native Americans and is serologically grouped with B50 in the B21 group; its structure, however, is more closely related to alleles of the B40 group. The B44 and B45 serologically cross-reactive molecules differ at seven functional positions of the Ag recognition site; the B50 and BN21 molecules differ at four such residues. These differences are predicted to alter peptide presentation and be capable of eliciting strong alloreactive T cell responses. For these pairs of B12 and B21 Ag, serology appears dominated by epitopes formed by short sequences of the alpha 2 helix which have been shuffled by recombination between alleles. The implications of these results for HLA matching in transplantation are discussed.
View details for Web of Science ID A1992JY87500019
View details for PubMedID 1385528
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2 SUBTYPES OF HLA-B51 DIFFERING BY SUBSTITUTION AT POSITION-171 OF THE ALPHA-2 HELIX
IMMUNOGENETICS
1992; 37 (1): 57-63
View details for Web of Science ID A1992JV60900007
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UNUSUAL HLA-B ALLELES IN 2 TRIBES OF BRAZILIAN INDIANS
NATURE
1992; 357 (6376): 326-329
Abstract
The Kaingang and Guarani are culturally and linguistically distinct tribes of southern Brazil. Like all Amerindian groups they show limited HLA polymorphism, which probably reflects the small founder populations that colonized America by overland migration from Asia 11,000-40,000 years ago. We find the nucleotide sequences of HLA-B alleles from the Kaingang and Guarani to be distinct from those characterized in caucasian, oriental and other populations. By comparison, the HLA-A and C alleles are familiar. These results and those reported in the accompanying paper on the Waorani of Ecuador reveal that a marked evolution of HLA-B has occurred since humans first entered South America. New alleles have been formed through recombination between pre-existing alleles, not by point mutation, giving rise to distinctive diversification of HLA-B in different South American Indian tribes.
View details for Web of Science ID A1992HW13200047
View details for PubMedID 1317015
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THE MOLECULAR-BASIS FOR REACTIVITY OF ANTI-CW1 AND ANTI-CW3 ALLOANTISERA WITH HLA-B46 HAPLOTYPES
TISSUE ANTIGENS
1992; 39 (5): 249-257
Abstract
HLA haplotypes containing the HLA-B46 allele react with both anti-Cw1 and anti-Cw3 alloantisera, a pattern of reactivity defined as the Cw11 antigen and postulated to involve either a distinctive Cw11 allele or a duplicated HLA-C locus. From serological characterization of CIR cells transfected with B46 cDNA we now demonstrate that the anti-Cw3 reactivity with these haplotypes is solely due to the B46 molecule and not to an HLA-C molecule. Furthermore, isolation and characterization of HLA-C mRNA from cells expressing B46 strongly suggest that anti-Cw1 reactions are directed against the product of a conventional Cw1 allele. The antigenic cross-reactivities of B46 with B62 and Cw3 correlate with its chimaeric primary structure, which is identical to that of B62, except in the alpha 1 helix where it is identical to both Cw3 and Cw1. The structure, distribution and genetic linkage of B46 indicate it is of recent, Asian origin and is the result of a gene conversion, involving Cw1 as the donor gene and B62 as the recipient. These results demonstrate that the Cw11 antigen neither corresponds to a novel HLA-C allele nor a duplicated HLA-C locus, but to a combination of epitopes contributed by linked Cw1 and B46 alleles. The nucleotide sequence we previously and erroneously attributed to a distinct Cw11 allele is now demonstrated to encode Cw8. Isolation of the cDNA clone with this sequence from a library made from a cell homozygous for the B46 haplotype was probably an artefact of contamination.
View details for Web of Science ID A1992HY72400004
View details for PubMedID 1384166
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INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN-1 INDUCED CHONDROCYTE PROTEASE ACTIVITY BY A CORTICOSTEROID AND A NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
1992; 19 (1): 135-139
Abstract
We report that administration of the corticosteroid, methylprednisolone (PRED) inhibited interleukin 1 (IL-1) induction of chondrocyte caseinolytic activity (25-55%) and collagenolytic activity (15-24%). The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), naproxen (NAP) had no effect on either enzyme activity over a therapeutic range (7-30 micrograms/ml) but at 120 micrograms/ml inhibited IL-1 induced caseinolytic and collagenolytic activity by 17 and 19%, respectively. However, PRED (2 micrograms/ml) in combination with NAP (30 micrograms/ml) significantly increased the inhibition of caseinolytic activity (p less than 0.001) compared to that observed with PRED (2 micrograms/ml) alone. The suppression of IL-1 induced collagenolytic activity noted with PRED in combination with NAP did not exceed that observed with PRED alone.
View details for Web of Science ID A1992HF28900027
View details for PubMedID 1556675
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EVALUATION OF THE IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIVITY OF AZTREONAM IN PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC-FIBROSIS WHO ARE ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN AND OR CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS
REVIEWS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
1991; 13: S598-S607
Abstract
The immunogenicity, allergenicity, and cross-reactivity of aztreonam were investigated in 19 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who are allergic to beta-lactam antibiotics. Skin tests with benzyl-penicilloyl polylysine (BPO), minor determinant mixture, and the drug responsible for the previous allergic reaction were positive for 26%, 53%, and 79% of the patients, respectively. Serum IgG, but not IgE, antibodies to BPO were detected in nine of 14 patients. Eighteen patients whose skin tests with aztreonam were negative were treated. One developed bronchospasm. The others tolerated aztreonam, with an improvement in clinical score greater than or equal to 1 month after treatment (P less than .001). One patient without previous exposure had positive aztreonam skin tests and was later treated uneventfully after iv desensitization. Treatment with aztreonam did not result in IgG or IgE antibody responses in vitro. However, two patients had anaphylactic reactions on reexposure. In patients with CF, allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics is primarily drug-specific. But despite reduced immunogenicity and cross-reactivity, aztreonam should be administered cautiously to patients with CF who are allergic to other beta-lactam antibiotics because it is potentially allergenic with repeated use.
View details for Web of Science ID A1991FM96700006
View details for PubMedID 2068466
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PURIFIED STAPHYLOCOCCAL CULTURE-MEDIUM STIMULATES NEUTRAL METALLOPROTEASE SECRETION FROM HUMAN ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
1991; 9 (2): 258-265
Abstract
Human articular cartilage released significantly increased levels of metal-dependent enzymes capable of degrading collagen, casein, and gelatin at a neutral pH following exposure to a sterile, purified fraction of Staphylococcus aureus culture medium. Neutral metalloprotease activity was determined by radiolabeled substrate assays and substrate gel analysis. The enzymes were activated with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate and were inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. Protein immunoblots demonstrated that type I collagenase and stromelysin (matrix metalloproteinase III) secretion was increased following staphylococcal medium challenge. The profile of enzymatic activity induced by staphylococcal medium was directly comparable to that observed with interleukin-1, which was used as a positive control. The staphylococcal medium had no inherent proteolytic activity. Increased production of the neutral metalloproteases collagenase and stromelysin may significantly contribute to the extensive cartilage destruction noted in staphylococcal septic arthritis.
View details for Web of Science ID A1991EW65600013
View details for PubMedID 1846914
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ON THE QUASIREVERSIBILITY OF A MULTICLASS BROWNIAN SERVICE STATION
ANNALS OF PROBABILITY
1990; 18 (3): 1249-1268
View details for Web of Science ID A1990DV70000017
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SEPTIC ARTHRITIS - STAPHYLOCOCCAL INDUCTION OF CHONDROCYTE PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY
ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
1990; 33 (4): 533-541
Abstract
We report herein that cartilage proteolytic activity increased in bovine and rabbit articular cartilage after treatment with a purified staphylococcal culture medium or intraarticular infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcal culture medium increased the release of gelatinolytic, collagenolytic, and caseinolytic activity into the medium of isolated chondrocytes or cartilage organ culture. The proteolytic activities were determined in assays using radiolabeled substrate and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Staphylococcal culture medium was proteolytically inactive by both assay techniques. RNA synthesis of isolated chondrocytes was unaffected by staphylococcal culture medium, whereas overall protein synthesis was inhibited by 84%. An analysis of extracts of Staphylococcus aureus-infected rabbit knee cartilage by substrate gels showed increased gelatinolytic and caseinolytic activity compared with extracts of uninfected knee cartilage. Our data suggest that the rapid loss of proteoglycan and persistent degradation of cartilage in staphylococcal septic arthritis is due to the production and activation of chondrocyte proteases.
View details for Web of Science ID A1990CZ97400011
View details for PubMedID 1691643
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SEARCH FOR RARE MUON DECAYS WITH THE CRYSTAL BOX DETECTOR
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
1988; 38 (7): 2077-2101
View details for Web of Science ID A1988Q326500004
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ALPHA-INTERFERON IN SUPERFICIAL BLADDER-CANCER - A NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ONCOLOGY GROUP-STUDY
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
1988; 6 (3): 476-483
Abstract
Thirty-five patients with superficial transitional carcinoma of the bladder were treated intravesically with escalating doses of recombinant alpha-2-interferon administered weekly for 8 weeks. Of the 19 patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (17 carcinoma in situ [CIS], two severe dysplasia, all cytology positive), six (32%) had complete resolution of all histologic and cytologic evidence of disease (complete response). An additional three patients (16%) had complete resolution of CIS, but the interval appearance of a low-grade transitional cell neoplasm. Five (26%) had a partial response (complete resolution of all evidence of CIS on multiple bladder biopsies but persistently positive cytologic preparations). Sixteen patients with recurrent papillary tumors and extensive prior therapy were also treated. Four (25%) had a complete response. Twenty-three of the 35 patients had prior intravesical therapy. Seven of the 23 (30%) patients with prior intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy had a complete or partial response to interferon, while eight of the 12 patients (67%) without prior intravesical treatment responded. These responses were achieved with minimal local and systemic toxicity. Of the ten complete responders, five remain in continuous unmaintained remission for 18+ to 37+ months. Intracavitary alpha-2-interferon is an effective new treatment for some patients with bladder cancer.
View details for Web of Science ID A1988M715400011
View details for PubMedID 3280742
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DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF MODULARIZED NAI(TL) DETECTORS WITH RECTANGULAR CRYSTAL ELEMENTS - AN ARRAY OF 49 AND THE CRYSTAL BOX
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
1988; 264 (2-3): 263-284
View details for Web of Science ID A1988L804500014
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LIGHT-BOSON EMISSION IN THE DECAY OF THE MU+
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
1987; 36 (5): 1543-1546
View details for Web of Science ID A1987J822700030
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PHASE-II TRIAL OF ESORUBICIN IN THE TREATMENT OF METASTATIC CARCINOMA OF THE KIDNEY - A STUDY OF THE NORTHERN-CALIFORNIA-ONCOLOGY-GROUP
CANCER TREATMENT REPORTS
1987; 71 (7-8): 767-768
View details for Web of Science ID A1987J624500020
View details for PubMedID 3607787
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MULTIDIMENSIONAL REFLECTED BROWNIAN MOTIONS HAVING EXPONENTIAL STATIONARY DISTRIBUTIONS
ANNALS OF PROBABILITY
1987; 15 (1): 115-137
View details for Web of Science ID A1987G295800005
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SEARCH FOR THE RARE DECAY MU + -]E + GAMMA-GAMMA
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
1986; 57 (26): 3241-3244
View details for Web of Science ID A1986F341000002
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A DI/JI-COMPATIBLE MONOLITHIC HIGH-VOLTAGE MULTIPLEXER
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
1986; 33 (12): 1977-1984
View details for Web of Science ID A1986E797000009
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WAVES GENERATED DURING ELECTRON-BEAM EMISSIONS FROM THE SPACE-SHUTTLE
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
1986; 91 (A10): 1321-1329
View details for Web of Science ID A1986F001000028
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UNIQUE DETERMINATION OF THE FORM-FACTOR RATIO IN RADIATIVE PION DECAY
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
1986; 57 (12): 1402-1405
View details for Web of Science ID A1986E042400006
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SEARCH FOR THE DECAY MU+-]E+-GAMMA
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
1986; 56 (23): 2461-2464
View details for Web of Science ID A1986C602500009
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GROWTH CONES, DYING AXONS, AND DEVELOPMENTAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE FIBER POPULATION OF THE CATS OPTIC-NERVE
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
1986; 246 (1): 32-69
Abstract
We have studied the rise and fall in the number of axons in the optic nerve of fetal and neonatal cats in relation to changes in the ultrastructure of fibers, and in particular, to the characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of growth cones and necrotic axons. Axons of retinal ganglion cells start to grow through the optic nerve on the 19th day of embryonic development (E-19). As early as E-23 there are 8,000 fibers in the nerve close to the eye. Fibers are added to the nerve at a rate of approximately 50,000 per day from E-28 until E-39--the age at which the peak population of 600,000-700,000 axons is reached. Thereafter, the number decreases rapidly: About 400,000 axons are lost between E-39 and E-53. In contrast, from E-56 until the second week after birth the number of axons decreases at a slow rate. Even as late as postnatal day 12 (P-12) the nerve contains an excess of up to 100,000 fibers. The final number of fibers--140,000-165,000--is reached by the sixth week after birth. Growth cones of retinal ganglion cells are present in the optic nerve from E-19 until E-39. At E-19 and E-23 they have comparatively simple shapes but in older fetuses they are larger and their shapes are more elaborate. As early as E-28 many growth cones have lamellipodia that extend outward from the core region as far as 10 microns. These sheetlike processes are insinuated between bundles of axons and commonly contact 10 to 20 neighboring fibers in single transverse sections. At E-28 growth cones make up 2.0% of the fiber population; at E-33 they make up about 1.0%; from E-36 to E-39 they make up only 0.3% of the population. Virtually none are present in the midorbital part of the nerve on or after E-44. At all ages growth cones are more common at the periphery of the nerve than at its center. This central-to-peripheral gradient increases with age: at E-28 the density of growth cones is two times greater at the edge than at the center but by E-39 the density is four to five times greater. Necrotic fibers are observed as early as E-28 in all parts of the nerve. Their axoplasm is dark and mottled and often contains dense vesiculated structures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
View details for Web of Science ID A1986A594500003
View details for PubMedID 3700717
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CIRCADIAN TIMEKEEPING IN NARCOLEPTIC DOGS
SLEEP
1986; 9 (1): 120-125
Abstract
Anatomical and functional aspects of the circadian timekeeping system containing the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were compared in normal and genetically narcoleptic dogs. The retinohypothalamic tract was delineated by tritiated amino acid autoradiography, the SCN was identified and examined by morphological techniques, and the circadian rhythm of melatonin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results suggest that the retinal input, cytoarchitecture, and essential timekeeping function of the SCN are intact in narcoleptic dogs.
View details for Web of Science ID A1986D766400006
View details for PubMedID 3704434
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A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF DOXORUBICIN VERSUS DOXORUBICIN PLUS CISPLATIN IN ENDOCRINE-UNRESPONSIVE METASTATIC PROSTATIC-CARCINOMA
CANCER
1985; 56 (11): 2580-2586
Abstract
Thirty-seven patients with hormonally refractory prostatic carcinoma entered a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and doxorubicin plus cisplatin. All patients had failed prior hormonal treatment. Mean Karnofsky performance status (76% doxorubicin versus 75% combination), percent of patients with prior palliative irradiation (40% doxorubicin versus 35% combination), and hemoglobin levels of less than or equal to 12 g/dl (30% doxorubicin versus 24% combination) were roughly equivalent in the two treatment groups. More patients treated with doxorubicin than the combination treatment had an elevated acid phosphatase level at study entry (90% versus 65%). Measurable bidimensional tumors were present in 13 patients in 16 sites in the doxorubicin arm and in 10 patients in 11 sites in the combination arm. Partial responses were seen in 1 of 13 patients in the doxorubicin arm and 2 (20%) of 10 patients in the combination arm. Improvement in Karnofsky performance status of 20% or greater was rarely observed with either treatment (7% doxorubicin versus 8% combination). Acid phosphatase levels normalized or improved by 50% in 39% of patients who received doxorubicin and 27% of patients who received the combination. The overall response rate by National Prostatic Cancer Project Criteria was 53% for doxorubicin and 59% for doxorubicin plus cisplatin. Myelotoxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity were severe, particularly in the combination arm, and required discontinuation of treatment in some patients who responded to treatment. Moderate renal dysfunction (creatinine value 2.0-3.0 mg/dl) occurred only in the combination arm at an incidence of 23%. Time to progression and survival were similar for the two treatment groups. In this small group of 37 patients, the combination of cisplatin and doxorubicin showed no improvement over doxorubicin alone in response, response duration, or survival, and was difficult to administer in this patient population.
View details for Web of Science ID A1985ATY0900007
View details for PubMedID 4052935
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BETA-BLOCKING POTENCY AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ACEBUTOLOL
AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL
1985; 109 (5): 1126-1131
Abstract
The beta-blocking potency of three doses of acebutolol (100, 200, and 600 mg three times a day) has been compared to that of propranolol (30, 60, and 180 mg three times a day) in a double-blind crossover study in 10 healthy volunteers (seven men, three women). On the basis of reduction in resting and exercise heart rates, propranolol was three to four times more potent than acebutolol on a milligram-for-milligram basis. Plasma levels showed large interindividual variation for both agents. Plasma levels were weakly correlated with the degree of beta blockade for both acebutolol (r = 0.333, p less than 0.001) and propranolol (r = 0.381, p less than 0.01). Dose and percent beta blockade were more strongly correlated (propranolol, r = 0.503, p less than 0.001; acebutolol, r = 0.574, p less than 0.001). In 11 patients (10 men, one woman) with coronary artery disease, acebutolol at 1 mg/kg infused over 15 minutes decreased heart rate and slowed conduction, increased the refractoriness of the atrioventricular node without a significant change in the atrial refractoriness, and at plasma levels greater than or equal to 1000 ng/ml slowed His-Purkinje conduction. The comparative potency data suggest that the magnitude of the decrease in the resting and exercise-induced changes in heart rate and double product, in relation to dose of acebutolol, provides quantitative indices for judging adequacy by beta blockade in clinical therapeutics. The use of plasma drug levels, however, does not appear to be helpful in judging the adequacy of beta blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
View details for Web of Science ID A1985AGY2000003
View details for PubMedID 2859775
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THE EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN PERCENT OF NATURALLY-OCCURRING COMPLEX AND SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES ON PLASMA-GLUCOSE AND INSULIN-RESPONSE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS
DIABETES
1985; 34 (2): 151-155
Abstract
In the present study, 12 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) consumed eucaloric, mixed food diets on three consecutive days. Diets provided 50% of the calories as carbohydrate, 35% as fat, and 15% as protein. The percent of carbohydrate fed as complex (starches) and simple (mono- and disaccharides) varied among the 3 days. On day 1, the diet contained 80% of the carbohydrate as complex and 20% as simple (80/20); another contained 50% complex and 50% simple (50/50); and the final diet contained 20% of the carbohydrate as complex and 80% as simple (20/80). All simple carbohydrates represent naturally occurring sugars in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. No refined sugars were added to any of the diets. The three experimental diets were randomly assigned using a 3 X 3 Latin square design. Blood was obtained hourly from 0800 to 1700 h for day-long glucose and insulin concentrations, and 24-h urine collections were made for the measurement of urine glucose. Mean (+/- SEM) day-long glucose concentrations were significantly greater for the 80/20 diet (2245 +/- 199 mg/dl X h, P less than 0.05) than for either the 50/50 (2030 +/- 157 mg/dl X h) or the 20/80 diets (2008 +/- 160 mg/dl X h). No significant differences were noted between the 50/50 and the 20/80 diets. In contrast, day-long insulin concentrations were not significantly different with 401 +/- 62, 370 +/- 50, and 369 +/- 60 mu U/ml X h on the 80/20, 50/50, and 20/80 diets, respectively. Twenty-four-hour urinary glucose excretion paralleled plasma glucose concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
View details for Web of Science ID A1985AAV3700010
View details for PubMedID 3881303
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METABOLIC EFFECTS OF ADDED DIETARY SUCROSE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH NONINSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS (NIDDM)
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
1985; 34 (10): 962-966
Abstract
This study addresses the metabolic effects of sucrose in the diets of 11 individuals with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Each of two dietary periods were 15 days in length, and contained 50% of the calories as carbohydrate, 30% as fat, and 20% as protein. The only variable between the two periods was the percentage of total calories as sucrose, 16% v 1%. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose and insulin as well as total plasma VLDL-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In addition, postprandial blood samples were obtained for the measurement of plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and day-long insulin concentrations were similar between the two diets. However, the addition of sucrose in amounts comparable to those typically consumed by the general population resulted in significantly elevated day-long glucose (P less than 0.05) and triglyceride (P less than 0.05) responses, as well as elevated fasting total plasma cholesterol (P less than 0.001), triglyceride (P less than 0.05), VLDL-cholesterol (P less than 0.01), and VLDL-triglyceride (P less than 0.05) concentrations. LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were unchanged during the added sucrose diet. It is clear that the consumption of diets containing moderate amounts of sucrose resulted in changes to plasma lipid and postprandial glucose concentrations that have been identified as risk factors for coronary artery disease. Therefore, it seems prudent at this time to advise patients with NIDDM to avoid added dietary sucrose.
View details for Web of Science ID A1985ARL6100014
View details for PubMedID 3900632
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A FEYNMAN-KAC GAUGE FOR SOLVABILITY OF THE SCHRODINGER-EQUATION
ADVANCES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS
1985; 6 (1): 1-3
View details for Web of Science ID A1985ADJ5900001
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A PROGRESS REPORT ON RECENT RARE MUON DECAY EXPERIMENTS AT THE LOS-ALAMOS-MESON-PHYSICS-FACILITY
NUCLEAR PHYSICS A
1985; 434 (FEB): C475-C484
View details for Web of Science ID A1985ACV3300029
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SEARCH FOR THE MUON-NUMBER-NONCONSERVING DECAY MU-]E+E+E-
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
1984; 53 (15): 1415-1418
View details for Web of Science ID A1984TL30400004
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THE EXTENT OF SURGERY AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ADVANCED GERM-CELL TUMORS
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
1984; 132 (5): 915-917
Abstract
The histopathological findings of tissue removed from 40 patients with a residual mass after completion of induction chemotherapy with cis-platinum, vinblastine and bleomycin are reviewed. These patients with advanced testicular cancer were treated with chemotherapy until normalization of tumor markers and until there was no further decrease in the size of palpable or radiologically evident masses for 2 successive cycles of chemotherapy. The mean number of chemotherapy cycles preoperatively was 5.2. Residual carcinoma was found in only 1 patient (3 per cent), teratoma in 18 (45 per cent), and fibrotic and/or necrotic masses in 21 (52 per cent). With this tailored treatment regimen in which an operation is performed after maximal chemotherapeutic response, the number of patients with viable residual tumor at operation can be minimized. Complete retroperitoneal lymph node dissection concomitant with resection of the residual mass was performed in 22 of 32 patients with residual masses in the retroperitoneum. The 1 patient with carcinoma in the mass also had carcinoma in several of the lymph nodes, and 4 of the 11 with teratoma in the mass had teratoma in the lymph nodes. Since the histopathological findings of the mass often parallel those of the lymph nodes, and since masses containing only fibrosis and/or necrosis cannot be ascertained with accuracy at operation, a complete retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is recommended in patients with a residual retroperitoneal mass.
View details for Web of Science ID A1984TQ18300015
View details for PubMedID 6208386
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EFFECT OF SOURCE OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE ON PLASMA-GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GASTRIC-INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE RESPONSES TO TEST MEALS IN SUBJECTS WITH NONINSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
1984; 40 (5): 965-970
Abstract
Previous reports have documented the fact that plasma glucose and insulin responses can vary in response to the ingestion of different carbohydrate-rich foods. This has led to the creation of a "glycemic index," a classification of dietary carbohydrates on the basis of the relative rise in plasma glucose after the administration of the food in question as compared to a standard glucose challenge. In order to test the clinical utility of these observations, we evaluated plasma glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to four major sources of carbohydrate (potato, rice, spaghetti, lentil) as part of a conventional mixed meal in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Each test meal provided 40% of the subjects' calculated caloric requirement and contained 15% of total calories as protein, 40% as fat, and 45% as carbohydrate. The test carbohydrate represented 66% of total carbohydrate. The results indicated that plasma glucose concentrations after meals containing equal amounts of carbohydrate as rice, spaghetti, or lentil were similar and somewhat lower than meals containing potato. The plasma insulin responses to the four carbohydrate foods paralleled the glucose responses. Changes in gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels did not account for the effect of potato. These results are totally disparate from what would have been predicted by previously published values for the "glycemic index" of the four foods studied, and suggest that a "glycemic index" based on isolated challenges would have minimal clinical utility in efforts aimed at reducing postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
View details for Web of Science ID A1984TR55900001
View details for PubMedID 6388305
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THE LOS-ALAMOS CRYSTAL BOX EXPERIMENT - A SEARCH FOR MU-]EPSILON-GAMMA, MU-]EPSILON-GAMMA-GAMMA, AND MU-]EPSILON-EPSILON-EPSILON
AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
1984: 477-483
View details for Web of Science ID A1984TX79500035
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THE CRYSTAL BOX - RARE DECAYS OF THE MUON
AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
1984: 242-243
View details for Web of Science ID A1984SU60900021
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SIGNAL-PROCESSING FOR THE NAI(T1) CRYSTAL BOX DETECTOR AT LAMPF
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
1983; 30 (1): 202-207
View details for Web of Science ID A1983QD90600045
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LOSS OF AXONS IN THE CAT OPTIC-NERVE FOLLOWING FETAL UNILATERAL ENUCLEATION - AN ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
1983; 3 (1): 133-144
Abstract
Between the 48th day of gestation (E-48) and maturity, the number of axons in the cat optic nerve is reduced by approximately 50%. On the basis of an electron microscopic assay, the axon population of the E-48 nerve was estimated to be 328,000. In contrast, estimates from two normal adults were 159,000 and 158,000. In utero unilateral enucleation (at E-45 and E-46) attenuated the severity of this loss since the optic nerves of the experimental animals contained 200,000 and 198,000 fibers. These results indicate that prenatal binocular competition is involved in the elimination of ganglion cell axons during the normal development of the cat's visual system. The increased number of axons in the optic nerve of the prenatally enucleated animals could be due to reduced ganglion cell death or a failure to retract supernumerary axon collaterals. It is suggested that the former explanation is more consistent with what is currently known about the development of retinofugal projections.
View details for Web of Science ID A1983QA78900013
View details for PubMedID 6822851
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WEEKLY DOXORUBICIN IN ENDOCRINE REFRACTORY CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
1983; 1 (8): 477-482
Abstract
Twenty-five patients with endocrine-refractory prostatic carcinoma were treated with doxorubicin, 20 mg/m2 given weekly. All patients had prior hormonal therapy (68% had two or more prior hormonal maneuvers), and 21 (84%) had prior therapeutic or palliative irradiation. Median Karnofsky performance status at the time of entry was 70. Hemoglobin was less than 12.0 g/dL in 15 patients. Bidimensional tumors were present in 12 patients in 19 disease sites; four of the 12 patients (33%) responded in eight of the 19 sites (42%); and three of eight patients had a 75% decrease in prostatic nodule size. Ten of 20 evaluable patients had an improvement of 20% or greater in Karnofsky performance status and 67% (14 of 21) had marked improvement in pain. A greater than 50% reduction or normalization of acid phosphatase occurred in 19% and of alkaline phosphatase in 53%. The overall response rate by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria was 84%. Gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia were minimal and myelosuppression was not life threatening in any patient.
View details for Web of Science ID A1983RJ76300004
View details for PubMedID 6668511
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QUANTITATIVE-EVALUATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION FEATURES IN IMAGES OF NEGATIVELY STAINED TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS
ULTRAMICROSCOPY
1983; 11 (1): 3-11
Abstract
This study investigates the causes of the apparent differences between the optical diffraction pattern of a micrograph of a Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) particle, the optical diffraction pattern of a ten-fold photographically averaged image, and the computed diffraction pattern of the original micrograph. Peak intensities along the layer lines in the transform of the averaged image appear to be quite unlike those in the diffraction pattern of the original micrograph, and the diffraction intensities for the averaged image extend to unexpectedly high resolution. A carefully controlled, quantitative comparison reveals, however, that the optical diffraction pattern of the original micrograph and that of the ten-fold averaged image are essentially equivalent. Using computer-based image processing, we discovered that the peak intensities on the 6th layer line have values very similar in magnitude to the neighboring noise, in contrast to what was expected from the optical diffraction pattern of the original micrograph. This discrepancy was resolved by recording a series of optical diffraction patterns when the original micrograph was immersed in oil. These patterns revealed the presence of a substantial phase grating effect, which exaggerated the peak intensities on the 6th layer line, causing an erroneous impression that the high resolution features possessed a good signal-to-noise ratio. This study thus reveals some pitfalls and misleading results that can be encountered when using optical diffraction patterns to evaluate image quality.
View details for Web of Science ID A1983QV87000001
View details for PubMedID 6193626
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AN APPLICATION OF PARALLEL PREPROCESSORS IN DATA ACQUISITION
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
1981; 28 (5): 3863-3869
View details for Web of Science ID A1981MJ38800040
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CARBON K-EDGE FINE-STRUCTURE IN GRAPHITE FOILS AND IN THIN-FILM CONTAMINANTS ON METAL-SURFACES
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
1980; 21 (6): 2267-2273
View details for Web of Science ID A1980JL83400025
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SOFT-X-RAY ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY - ELECTRONIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE)
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
1980; 102 (18): 5717-5723
View details for Web of Science ID A1980KE71000003
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SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR NASH EQUILIBRIA IN N-PERSON GAMES OVER REFLEXIVE BANACH-SPACES
JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
1980; 30 (3): 383-394
View details for Web of Science ID A1980JL63600003
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MIXED STRATEGY SOLUTIONS FOR N-PERSON QUADRATIC GAMES
JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
1980; 30 (4): 569-582
View details for Web of Science ID A1980JV77400004
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ANALYSIS OF UNDERGRADUATES ATTENDANCE AT CLASS MEETINGS WITH AND WITHOUT GRADE-RELATED CONTINGENCIES - CONTRAST EFFECT
JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
1979; 73 (1): 50-53
View details for Web of Science ID A1979HR85800011
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INDEX MEASURES FOR ASSESSING THE MODE OF INHERITANCE OF CONTINUOUSLY DISTRIBUTED TRAITS .1. THEORY AND JUSTIFICATIONS
THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY
1979; 16 (1): 81-106
View details for Web of Science ID A1979HR65200006
View details for PubMedID 531766
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INFLUENCE OF VIRAL-HEPATITIS ON DISPOSITION OF 2 COMPOUNDS WITH HIGH HEPATIC CLEARANCE - LIDOCAINE AND INDOCYANINE GREEN
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
1976; 20 (3): 290-299
Abstract
The disposition of lidocaine and indocyanine green was studied in 6 individuals during and after recovery from an episode of acute viral hepatitis. Both compounds are highly cleared from the blood by the liver so that clearance of both should be sensitive to changes in hepatic blood flow. During the acute phase of illness, clearance of indocyanine green decreased without apparent change in volume of distribution, whereas clearance of lidocaine, decreased in 4, did not change in 1, and increased in 1 during the acute phase of hepatitis. Volume changes for lidocaine were also variable. We observed no significant correlation between any parameters of lidocaine disposition and any of several tests of liver function or any parameters of indocyanine green disposition. The absence of correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters of the disposition of lidocaine and indocyanine green indicates that the influence of hepatic disease on the hepatic processes that lead to the elimination of each compound is not predictable. No useful clinical correlates are now available by means of which to predict lidocaine disposition in patients with altered hepatic function.
View details for Web of Science ID A1976CE40100006
View details for PubMedID 954351
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INFLUENCE OF ACUTE VIRAL-HEPATITIS ON DISPOSITION AND PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECT OF WARFARIN
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
1976; 20 (1): 90-97
Abstract
Five patients received a small oral dose of warfarin during and after recovery from acute viral hepatitis. Mean (+/- SD) clearance, volume of distribution, and half-life of the drug were 6.1 +/- 0.9 ml/hr/kg, 0.09 +/- 0.04 L/kg, and 23 +/- 5 hr, respectively, during the acute period. After apparent recovery, observed values were 6.1 +/- 0.7 ml/hr/kg, 0.21 +/- 0.02 L/kg, and 25 +/- 3 hr. These differences were not significant. Pattern of renal elimination of warfarin metabolites and drug protein binding did not change between the two phases. During the acute period of illness, prothrombin time increased in 2 of the 5 subjects, but remained within normal limits in all participants during the recovery period. This study shows that warfarin disposition may not change as a consequence of mild or moderate hepatic impairment.
View details for Web of Science ID A1976BX60600012
View details for PubMedID 1277729
Books and Book Chapters
- Approximation Algorithms. Introduction to Optimization, Decision Support and Search Methodologies Springer..
Conference Proceedings
- Natural Proofs versus Derandomization 45th ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing 2013
- Finding orthogonal vectors in discrete structures 2014
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Amplifying circuit lower bounds against polynomial time, with applications
SPRINGER BASEL AG. 2013: 311-343
View details for DOI 10.1007/s00037-013-0069-5
View details for Web of Science ID 000319168000005
- Towards NEXP versus BPP? 2013
- Massive Online Teaching to Bounded Learners 2013
- On Medium-Uniformity and Circuit Lower Bounds 2013
- Limits on Alternation-Trading Proofs for Time-Space Lower Bounds 2012
- An Atypical Survey of Typical-Case Heuristic Algorithms 2012
- A Casual Tour Around a Circuit Complexity Bound 2011
- Improved Parameterized Algorithms for Above Average Constraint Satisfaction 2011
- Resolving the complexity of some data privacy problems 2010
- Subcubic Equivalences Between Path, Matrix, and Triangle Problems 2010
- On the Possibility of Faster SAT Algorithms 2010
- Communication complexity with synchronized clocks 2010
- Alternation-Trading Proofs, Linear Programming, and Lower Bounds 2010
- Limits and applications of group algebras for parameterized problems 2009
- Fixed Polynomial Size Circuit Lower Bounds 2009
- An Improved Time-Space Lower Bound for Tautologies 2009
- Applying Practice to Theory 2008
- Non-Linear Time Lower Bound for (Succinct) Quantified Boolean Formulas 2008
- Maximum 2-satisfiability 2008
- Algorithms and Resource Requirements for Fundamental Problems 2008
- A New Combinatorial Approach to Sparse Graph Problems 2008
- Finding a Maximum Weight Triangle in O(n^(3-delta)) Time, With Applications 2006
- Parallelizing Time With Polynomial Circuits 2005
- On The Complexity of Optimal K-Anonymity 2004
- Backdoors To Typical Case Complexity 2003
- On the connections between backdoors and heavy-tails on combinatorial search 2003
- On Computing k-CNF Formula Properties 2003
- Algorithms for Quantified Boolean Formulas 2002
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Adenocarcinoma of the prostate: Innovations in management
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. 1997: 111-119
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (CaP) in the Western world has become the most common noncutaneous human tumor. CaP is also the second most important cause of cancer deaths among the male population in the United States. Major progress was made in the past decade in better understanding this disease process, as well as in improved diagnostic accuracy. This improved diagnostic accuracy was due to wide application of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), use of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and greater awareness among clinicians of CaP. The use of PSA in clinical practice has resulted in a sharp increase in the number of patients diagnosed with capsule-confined tumors. The optimal treatment for capsule-confined CaP is in the process of being defined. Radical prostatectomy in the United States is currently the most commonly applied treatment for younger patients. Excellent treatment results with a 10-year actuarial survival > 80% are readily obtainable in properly selected patients. Nerve-sparing procedures helped reduce the high incidence of impotence that occurs in patients after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Radiotherapy remains the other curative treatment method in the management of CaP patients, with long-term survival rates similar to those reported in surgical series. Due to the problem of frequent preoperative tumor understaging, a routine use of postoperative irradiation to the prostatic fossa produces an excellent (> 95%) incidence of local tumor control. Management of patients with metastatic disease has undergone a considerable evolution with the development of modern hormonal management and treatment with strontium-89 to control intractable bone pain. Newer treatment methods such as hyperthermia are currently being investigated. Major efforts are directed toward the reduction of short- and long-term treatment toxicity associated with surgery, radiotherapy, and hormonal management, thus improving patient quality of life.
View details for Web of Science ID A1997WQ31500001
View details for PubMedID 9124181
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BRIDGING SCIENTIST AND PRACTITIONER PERSPECTIVES IN CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGY
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC. 1995: 984-994
Abstract
Literature suggests that a complex and often hostile relationship exists between the science and practice of clinical psychology. Contributors to this conflict of viewpoints are reconsidered within the proposition that there are different roads to discovery and that there may be good reasons to keep the science and practice of clinical psychology somewhat separate. Results of a national survey of 325 psychologists are reviewed that support the view that psychological practitioners value research and consider their practices to be augmented by scientific findings. However, they are in need of vehicles of communication that will help them translate scientific findings into practice. Results suggest that practitioners do more to understand scientific findings than scientists do to understand the problems that face clinical practitioners. Ways to facilitate communication between and among these groups are considered.
View details for Web of Science ID A1995TK26900003
View details for PubMedID 8561382
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BROWNIAN MODELS OF OPEN QUEUING-NETWORKS - PRODUCT-FORM STATIONARY DISTRIBUTIONS
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 1987: 227-227
View details for Web of Science ID A1987L775500105
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BROWNIAN MODELS OF OPEN QUEUING-NETWORKS
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. 1987: 221-221
View details for Web of Science ID A1987L775500094
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SEISMIC SIGNATURES OF TECTONIC LITHOFACIES FROM REGIONAL LINES, APPALACHIAN ULTRADEEP CORE HOLE (ADCOH) SITE AREA
SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS. 1987: 391-391
View details for Web of Science ID A1987G328900074
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THE INTERACTION OF EXERCISE TRAINING AND BETA-BLOCKADE IN PATIENTS WITH MODERATE HYPERTENSION
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. 1987: A235-A235
View details for Web of Science ID A1987F937000938
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SEISMIC SIGNATURES OF TECTONIC LITHOFACIES FROM REGIONAL LINES, APPALACHIAN ULTRADEEP CORE-HOLE SITE AREA
AMER ASSOC PETROLEUM GEOLOGIST. 1986: 577-577
View details for Web of Science ID A1986C245400095
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CARBON K-EDGE FINE-STRUCTURE IN GRAPHITE FOILS AND IN THIN-FILM CONTAMINANTS ON METAL-SURFACES
AMER INST PHYSICS. 1980: 439-440
View details for Web of Science ID A1980JG27901863
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EXAFS IN SOFT-X-RAY REGION 250-1000 EV
AMER INST PHYSICS. 1978: 346-346
View details for Web of Science ID A1978ER59001094
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INDOCYANINE GREEN KINETICS IN HEPATIC DISEASE
SLACK INC. 1977: A278-A278
View details for Web of Science ID A1977DB15800468
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METABOLIC AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT OF NITROPRUSSIDE AND DOPAMINE IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION
SLACK INC. 1976: A141-A141
View details for Web of Science ID A1976BT40400372
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ANTIPYRINE AND INDOCYANINE GREEN AS INDICATORS OF DRUG DISPOSITION DURING ACUTE VIRAL-HEPATITIS
SLACK INC. 1976: A259-A259
View details for Web of Science ID A1976BU02800565