Contents
12 February 2016
Vol 351, Issue 6274
Vol 351, Issue 6274
Contents
This Week in Science
Editorial
Editors' Choice
Departments
Products & Materials
- New Products
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.
In Brief
In Depth
- Triumph for gravitational wave hunt
Observation made with newly detectable radiation clinches case for black holes.
- Bendy bugs inspire roboticists
Bees, wasps, and cockroaches are built to survive bashing and squeezing.
- Neandertal genes linked to modern diseases
DNA inherited from our extinct cousins boosts risk of depression and other disorders.
- Research chief cuts climate studies, sets new priorities
CSIRO to trim staff as it seeks closer alignment with industry.
- Record ozone hole may open over Arctic in the spring
Unusual polar cold produces clouds that could help push ozone losses beyond 2011 mark, releasing extra UV radiation.
- A crystal ball for chemical safety
By comparing new chemicals to known compounds, toxicologists seek early hazard warnings.
Feature
- After the accusation
A complex case of alleged sexual misconduct rattles a field and signals a cultural shift.
Working Life
Letters
Books et al.
- The hidden organ
The much-maligned microbe is recast as an essential element of human health
- The savvy citizen
A new logic-based strategy promises to help civic educators improve the public's understanding of politics
- The Human Face of Big Data
Sandy Smolan, director; Rick Smolan, executive producer Premieres February 24, 2016, on PBS; check local listings
Policy Forum
- Finding an ethical path forward for mitochondrial replacement
It is ethically permissible to initiate clinical investigations of mitochondrial replacement techniques in humans so long as significant conditions and restrictions are in place
Education Forum
- Climate confusion among U.S. teachers
Teachers' knowledge and values can hinder climate education
Perspectives
- A new diet for methane oxidizers
Archaea that normally depend on sulfate-reducing bacteria can also grow alone
- Pathogen to powerhouse
How did the precursors to the mitochondrion and the plastid evade host defense?
- A unifying model of epigenetic regulation
Single-cell tracking reveals a common “algorithm” of operation used by chromatin regulators
- Modulating pulmonary inflammation
Neuroepithelial cells suppress pulmonary inflammation and alveolar remodeling
- Copper catalysis in a blue light
Visible light, copper, and a phosphine ligand combine for C-N bond formation at fully substituted chiral centers
- It takes teamwork to modify chromatin
The organization of constituents in a large chromatin-modifying complex reveals specific roles
- (TORC)ing up purine biosynthesis
An enzyme complex coordinates metabolism and nucleotide production to fuel cell growth
Research Article
- Lineage-specific enhancers activate self-renewal genes in macrophages and embryonic stem cells
Tissue macrophages and embryonic stem cells use similar genetic programs to self-renew.
Review
Reports
- Asymmetric copper-catalyzed C-N cross-couplings induced by visible light
A copper complex harnesses light to form quaternary chiral centers with one nitrogen and three carbon substituents.
- Using decoys to expand the recognition specificity of a plant disease resistance protein
Swapping proteolytic cleavage sites in a plant immune response pathway enables defense against a new suite of pathogens.
- Valley-polarized exciton dynamics in a 2D semiconductor heterostructure
Photoluminescence measurements are used to deduce a valley lifetime of 40 nanoseconds in heterostructures of MoSe2 and WSe2.
- On-chip and freestanding elastic carbon films for micro-supercapacitors
Porous carbon-based supercapacitors are directly fabricated onto silicon substrates.
- Enhanced seasonal CO2 exchange caused by amplified plant productivity in northern ecosystems
Climate warming has affected the yearly variation of carbon dioxide in the high north.
- A decade of sea level rise slowed by climate-driven hydrology
Recent storage of excess groundwater has measurably slowed sea level rise.
- Artificial electron acceptors decouple archaeal methane oxidation from sulfate reduction
Artificial electron acceptors metabolically decouple deep-sea methanotrophic archaea from their syntrophic partner bacteria.
- Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells function as airway sensors to control lung immune response
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells aggregate to form airway sensors and control the lung’s immune response.
- Pathogenic CD4 T cells in type 1 diabetes recognize epitopes formed by peptide fusion
Autoimmune T cells recognize covalently linked peptides derived from two distinct proteins.
- Broadly targeted CD8+ T cell responses restricted by major histocompatibility complex E
Nonclassical major histocompatibility complex E molecules can present highly diverse peptide epitopes to CD8+ T cells.
- Dynamics of epigenetic regulation at the single-cell level
Quantitative, single-cell measurements reveal characteristics of epigenetic control of transcription.
- Structural basis for histone H2B deubiquitination by the SAGA DUB module
The structure of a transcription complex bound to a nucleosome reveals how ubiquitin can be removed from nucleosomes.
- mTORC1 induces purine synthesis through control of the mitochondrial tetrahydrofolate cycle
Coupling cellular growth signals to synthesis of RNA and DNA.
- Spatial colocalization and functional link of purinosomes with mitochondria
Intracellular bodies composed of purine biosynthetic enzymes exhibit an mTOR-mediated association with mitochondria.
- The phenotypic legacy of admixture between modern humans and Neandertals
Genotype-phenotype association analysis of Neandertal alleles in modern humans identifies clinical effects.
From the AAAS Office of Publishing and Member Services
About The Cover
COVER Bubbles floating on top of a foaming solution, showing the formation of thin films, which give rise to interference effects. Analysis of thin-film drainage and stability is an active research area with many open questions. The Gordon Research Conference on Granular Matter will be held 24 to 29 July 2016 in Easton, Massachusetts. See page 742 for the Gordon Research Conference schedule and preliminary programs.
Photo: Wiebke Drenckhan, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, France
