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APJ acts as a dual receptor in cardiac hypertrophy

Nature 488, 394–398 (16 August 2012) | Download Citation

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Abstract

Cardiac hypertrophy is initiated as an adaptive response to sustained overload but progresses pathologically as heart failure ensues1. Here we report that genetic loss of APJ, a G-protein-coupled receptor, confers resistance to chronic pressure overload by markedly reducing myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure. In contrast, mice lacking apelin (the endogenous APJ ligand) remain sensitive, suggesting an apelin-independent function of APJ. Freshly isolated APJ-null cardiomyocytes exhibit an attenuated response to stretch, indicating that APJ is a mechanosensor. Activation of APJ by stretch increases cardiomyocyte cell size and induces molecular markers of hypertrophy. Whereas apelin stimulates APJ to activate Gαi and elicits a protective response, stretch signals in an APJ-dependent, G-protein-independent fashion to induce hypertrophy. Stretch-mediated hypertrophy is prevented by knockdown of β-arrestins or by pharmacological doses of apelin acting through Gαi. Taken together, our data indicate that APJ is a bifunctional receptor for both mechanical stretch and the endogenous peptide apelin. By sensing the balance between these stimuli, APJ occupies a pivotal point linking sustained overload to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

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Change history

  • 15 August 2012

    The spelling of an author name (T.A.) was corrected.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to N. Ling, S. Zhao and F. Abdel-Wahhab for technical assistance; E. Sergienko for help optimizing arrestin assay; E. Adamson for reading the manuscript; and M. Querol for graphics design. This work was supported by Wyeth Sponsored Research Agreement and National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant R01HL086879 to P.R.L.; NIH grants R37HL059502 and R01HL083463 and the Sanford Children’s Center to M.M.; NIH grant R01HL054732, grants from the Ellison Medical Foundation and the Muscular Dystrophy association to R.B., NIH grant (NS05422) and Florida Department of Health grant 06-NIR-09 to L.H.S., and NIH grants RO1HL28143, P01 HL085577 to J.H.B. M.C.S. has received support from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (clinical fellow), the Italian Ministry of Research and Education and the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC and Sanofi-Aventis Foundation). C.H. holds an American Heart Association Postdoctoral Award, S.R. is a Sanford Children’s Health Research Center fellow. P.K. is supported by SAF2010-15050 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) Spain.

Author information

    • Maria Cecilia Scimia
    •  & Cecilia Hurtado

    These authors contributed equally to this work.

    • George P. Vlasuk

    Present address: Sirtris, a GSK Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Affiliations

  1. Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA

    • Maria Cecilia Scimia
    • , Cecilia Hurtado
    • , Saugata Ray
    • , Ke Wei
    • , Jianming Wang
    • , Takeshi Akasaka
    • , Rolf Bodmer
    • , Layton H. Smith
    • , Mark Mercola
    •  & Pilar Ruiz-Lozano

  2. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California 94305, USA

    • Scott Metzler
    •  & Pilar Ruiz-Lozano

  3. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, 94305, USA

    • Chris E. Woods
    •  & Euan Ashley

  4. Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA

    • Nicole H. Purcell
    •  & Joan Heller Brown

  5. Biomedical and Genetic Research Institute, National Research Council, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy

    • Daniele Catalucci

  6. Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy

    • Daniele Catalucci

  7. Wyeth Pharmaceutical, Madison, New Jersey, USA

    • Orlando F. Bueno
    •  & George P. Vlasuk

  8. Institute of Biomedical Research, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), E-08036 Barcelona, Spain

    • Perla Kaliman

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Contributions

M.S.C. and C.H. designed, performed experiments, analysed data and prepared the manuscript. C.E.W., S.R., S.A.M., K.W., S.M., J.W., N.H.P., T.A. and P.K. designed and performed experiments, and analysed data. D.C., G.P.V., R.B., O.F.B., L.H.S., E.A. and J.H.B. designed experiments. M.M. designed experiments and prepared the manuscript. P.R.L. designed and supervised experiments, analysed data and prepared the manuscript.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pilar Ruiz-Lozano.

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    Supplementary Information

    This file contains Supplementary Methods, Supplementary Data, additional references, Supplementary Figures 1-3 and Supplementary Tables 1-4.

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DOI

https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11263

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