Dyspnea is difficulty in breathing of which the individual is aware. It is a subjective sensation that is difficult to measure and somewhat poorly understood.

This module will identify treatment modalities to improve the patient’s quality of life until a comfortable death occurs.

1. Identify the physical and psychological etiologies of dyspnea.
2. Recognize the various pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment modalities available to manage dyspnea.
3. Use appropriate treatment modalities to treat dyspnea in the patients with advanced illnesses.