Gerald Chunt-Sein Tiu

All Publications

• The Mammalian Ribo-interactome Reveals Ribosome Functional Diversity and Heterogeneity. Cell Simsek, D., Tiu, G. C., Flynn, R. A., Byeon, G. W., Leppek, K., Xu, A. F., Chang, H. Y., Barna, M. 2017; 169 (6): 1051-1065 e18

  Abstract

  During eukaryotic evolution, ribosomes have considerably increased in size, forming a surface-exposed ribosomal RNA (rRNA) shell of unknown function, which may create an interface for yet uncharacterized interacting proteins. To investigate such protein interactions, we establish a ribosome affinity purification method that unexpectedly identifies hundreds of ribosome-associated proteins (RAPs) from categories including metabolism and cell cycle, as well as RNA- and protein-modifying enzymes that functionally diversify mammalian ribosomes. By further characterizing RAPs, we discover the presence of ufmylation, a metazoan-specific post-translational modification (PTM), on ribosomes and define its direct substrates. Moreover, we show that the metabolic enzyme, pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM), interacts with sub-pools of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated ribosomes, exerting a non-canonical function as an RNA-binding protein in the translation of ER-destined mRNAs. Therefore, RAPs interconnect one of life's most ancient molecular machines with diverse cellular processes, providing an additional layer of regulatory potential to protein expression.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.022

  View details for PubMedID 28575669

• In Vitro Selection of a DNA-Templated Small-Molecule Library Reveals a Class of Macrocyclic Kinase Inhibitors JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Kleiner, R. E., Dumelin, C. E., Tiu, G. C., Sakurai, K., Liu, D. R. 2010; 132 (33): 11779-11791

  Abstract

  DNA-templated organic synthesis enables the translation of DNA sequences into synthetic small-molecule libraries suitable for in vitro selection. Previously, we described the DNA-templated multistep synthesis of a 13,824-membered small-molecule macrocycle library. Here, we report the discovery of small molecules that modulate the activity of kinase enzymes through the in vitro selection of this DNA-templated small-molecule macrocycle library against 36 biomedically relevant protein targets. DNA encoding selection survivors was amplified by PCR and identified by ultra-high-throughput DNA sequencing. Macrocycles corresponding to DNA sequences enriched upon selection against several protein kinases were synthesized on a multimilligram scale. In vitro assays revealed that these macrocycles inhibit (or activate) the kinases against which they were selected with IC(50) values as low as 680 nM. We characterized in depth a family of macrocycles enriched upon selection against Src kinase, and showed that inhibition was highly dependent on the identity of macrocycle building blocks as well as on backbone conformation. Two macrocycles in this family exhibited unusually strong Src inhibition selectivity even among kinases closely related to Src. One macrocycle was found to activate, rather than inhibit, its target kinase, VEGFR2. Taken together, these results establish the use of DNA-templated synthesis and in vitro selection to discover small molecules that modulate enzyme activities, and also reveal a new scaffold for selective ATP-competitive kinase inhibition.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/ja104903x

  View details for Web of Science ID 000281066400067

  View details for PubMedID 20681606

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC2924185

• Theoretical mechanisms and kinetics of the hydrogen abstraction reaction of acetone by chlorine radical CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS Tiu, G. C., Tao, F. 2006; 428 (1-3): 42-48

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.007

  View details for Web of Science ID 000240392400009