Songjie Chen

All Publications

• Perspectives on ENCODE. Nature ENCODE Project Consortium, Snyder, M. P., Gingeras, T. R., Moore, J. E., Weng, Z., Gerstein, M. B., Ren, B., Hardison, R. C., Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A., Graveley, B. R., Feingold, E. A., Pazin, M. J., Pagan, M., Gilchrist, D. A., Hitz, B. C., Cherry, J. M., Bernstein, B. E., Mendenhall, E. M., Zerbino, D. R., Frankish, A., Flicek, P., Myers, R. M., Abascal, F., Acosta, R., Addleman, N. J., Adrian, J., Afzal, V., Aken, B., Akiyama, J. A., Jammal, O. A., Amrhein, H., Anderson, S. M., Andrews, G. R., Antoshechkin, I., Ardlie, K. G., Armstrong, J., Astley, M., Banerjee, B., Barkal, A. A., Barnes, I. H., Barozzi, I., Barrell, D., Barson, G., Bates, D., Baymuradov, U. K., Bazile, C., Beer, M. A., Beik, S., Bender, M. A., Bennett, R., Bouvrette, L. P., Bernstein, B. E., Berry, A., Bhaskar, A., Bignell, A., Blue, S. M., Bodine, D. M., Boix, C., Boley, N., Borrman, T., Borsari, B., Boyle, A. P., Brandsmeier, L. A., Breschi, A., Bresnick, E. H., Brooks, J. A., Buckley, M., Burge, C. B., Byron, R., Cahill, E., Cai, L., Cao, L., Carty, M., Castanon, R. G., Castillo, A., Chaib, H., Chan, E. T., Chee, D. R., Chee, S., Chen, H., Chen, H., Chen, J., Chen, S., Cherry, J. M., Chhetri, S. B., Choudhary, J. S., Chrast, J., Chung, D., Clarke, D., Cody, N. A., Coppola, C. J., Coursen, J., D'Ippolito, A. M., Dalton, S., Danyko, C., Davidson, C., Davila-Velderrain, J., Davis, C. A., Dekker, J., Deran, A., DeSalvo, G., Despacio-Reyes, G., Dewey, C. N., Dickel, D. E., Diegel, M., Diekhans, M., Dileep, V., Ding, B., Djebali, S., Dobin, A., Dominguez, D., Donaldson, S., Drenkow, J., Dreszer, T. R., Drier, Y., Duff, M. O., Dunn, D., Eastman, C., Ecker, J. R., Edwards, M. D., El-Ali, N., Elhajjajy, S. I., Elkins, K., Emili, A., Epstein, C. B., Evans, R. C., Ezkurdia, I., Fan, K., Farnham, P. J., Farrell, N., Feingold, E. A., Ferreira, A., Fisher-Aylor, K., Fitzgerald, S., Flicek, P., Foo, C. S., Fortier, K., Frankish, A., Freese, P., Fu, S., Fu, X., Fu, Y., Fukuda-Yuzawa, Y., Fulciniti, M., Funnell, A. P., Gabdank, I., Galeev, T., Gao, M., Giron, C. G., Garvin, T. H., Gelboin-Burkhart, C. A., Georgolopoulos, G., Gerstein, M. B., Giardine, B. M., Gifford, D. K., Gilbert, D. M., Gilchrist, D. A., Gillespie, S., Gingeras, T. R., Gong, P., Gonzalez, A., Gonzalez, J. M., Good, P., Goren, A., Gorkin, D. U., Graveley, B. R., Gray, M., Greenblatt, J. F., Griffiths, E., Groudine, M. T., Grubert, F., Gu, M., Guigo, R., Guo, H., Guo, Y., Guo, Y., Gursoy, G., Gutierrez-Arcelus, M., Halow, J., Hardison, R. C., Hardy, M., Hariharan, M., Harmanci, A., Harrington, A., Harrow, J. L., Hashimoto, T. B., Hasz, R. D., Hatan, M., Haugen, E., Hayes, J. E., He, P., He, Y., Heidari, N., Hendrickson, D., Heuston, E. F., Hilton, J. A., Hitz, B. C., Hochman, A., Holgren, C., Hou, L., Hou, S., Hsiao, Y. E., Hsu, S., Huang, H., Hubbard, T. J., Huey, J., Hughes, T. R., Hunt, T., Ibarrientos, S., Issner, R., Iwata, M., Izuogu, O., Jaakkola, T., Jameel, N., Jansen, C., Jiang, L., Jiang, P., Johnson, A., Johnson, R., Jungreis, I., Kadaba, M., Kasowski, M., Kasparian, M., Kato, M., Kaul, R., Kawli, T., Kay, M., Keen, J. C., Keles, S., Keller, C. A., Kelley, D., Kellis, M., Kheradpour, P., Kim, D. S., Kirilusha, A., Klein, R. J., Knoechel, B., Kuan, S., Kulik, M. J., Kumar, S., Kundaje, A., Kutyavin, T., Lagarde, J., Lajoie, B. R., Lambert, N. J., Lazar, J., Lee, A. Y., Lee, D., Lee, E., Lee, J. W., Lee, K., Leslie, C. S., Levy, S., Li, B., Li, H., Li, N., Li, X., Li, Y. I., Li, Y., Li, Y., Li, Y., Lian, J., Libbrecht, M. W., Lin, S., Lin, Y., Liu, D., Liu, J., Liu, P., Liu, T., Liu, X. S., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Long, M., Lou, S., Loveland, J., Lu, A., Lu, Y., Lecuyer, E., Ma, L., Mackiewicz, M., Mannion, B. J., Mannstadt, M., Manthravadi, D., Marinov, G. K., Martin, F. J., Mattei, E., McCue, K., McEown, M., McVicker, G., Meadows, S. K., Meissner, A., Mendenhall, E. M., Messer, C. L., Meuleman, W., Meyer, C., Miller, S., Milton, M. G., Mishra, T., Moore, D. E., Moore, H. M., Moore, J. E., Moore, S. H., Moran, J., Mortazavi, A., Mudge, J. M., Munshi, N., Murad, R., Myers, R. M., Nandakumar, V., Nandi, P., Narasimha, A. M., Narayanan, A. K., Naughton, H., Navarro, F. C., Navas, P., Nazarovs, J., Nelson, J., Neph, S., Neri, F. J., Nery, J. R., Nesmith, A. R., Newberry, J. S., Newberry, K. M., Ngo, V., Nguyen, R., Nguyen, T. B., Nguyen, T., Nishida, A., Noble, W. S., Novak, C. S., Novoa, E. M., Nunez, B., O'Donnell, C. W., Olson, S., Onate, K. C., Otterman, E., Ozadam, H., Pagan, M., Palden, T., Pan, X., Park, Y., Partridge, E. C., Paten, B., Pauli-Behn, F., Pazin, M. J., Pei, B., Pennacchio, L. A., Perez, A. R., Perry, E. H., Pervouchine, D. D., Phalke, N. N., Pham, Q., Phanstiel, D. H., Plajzer-Frick, I., Pratt, G. A., Pratt, H. E., Preissl, S., Pritchard, J. K., Pritykin, Y., Purcaro, M. J., Qin, Q., Quinones-Valdez, G., Rabano, I., Radovani, E., Raj, A., Rajagopal, N., Ram, O., Ramirez, L., Ramirez, R. N., Rausch, D., Raychaudhuri, S., Raymond, J., Razavi, R., Reddy, T. E., Reimonn, T. M., Ren, B., Reymond, A., Reynolds, A., Rhie, S. K., Rinn, J., Rivera, M., Rivera-Mulia, J. C., Roberts, B., Rodriguez, J. M., Rozowsky, J., Ryan, R., Rynes, E., Salins, D. N., Sandstrom, R., Sasaki, T., Sathe, S., Savic, D., Scavelli, A., Scheiman, J., Schlaffner, C., Schloss, J. A., Schmitges, F. W., See, L. H., Sethi, A., Setty, M., Shafer, A., Shan, S., Sharon, E., Shen, Q., Shen, Y., Sherwood, R. I., Shi, M., Shin, S., Shoresh, N., Siebenthall, K., Sisu, C., Slifer, T., Sloan, C. A., Smith, A., Snetkova, V., Snyder, M. P., Spacek, D. V., Srinivasan, S., Srivas, R., Stamatoyannopoulos, G., Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A., Stanton, R., Steffan, D., Stehling-Sun, S., Strattan, J. S., Su, A., Sundararaman, B., Suner, M., Syed, T., Szynkarek, M., Tanaka, F. Y., Tenen, D., Teng, M., Thomas, J. A., Toffey, D., Tress, M. L., Trout, D. E., Trynka, G., Tsuji, J., Upchurch, S. A., Ursu, O., Uszczynska-Ratajczak, B., Uziel, M. C., Valencia, A., Biber, B. V., van der Velde, A. G., Van Nostrand, E. L., Vaydylevich, Y., Vazquez, J., Victorsen, A., Vielmetter, J., Vierstra, J., Visel, A., Vlasova, A., Vockley, C. M., Volpi, S., Vong, S., Wang, H., Wang, M., Wang, Q., Wang, R., Wang, T., Wang, W., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Watson, N. K., Wei, X., Wei, Z., Weisser, H., Weissman, S. M., Welch, R., Welikson, R. E., Weng, Z., Westra, H., Whitaker, J. W., White, C., White, K. P., Wildberg, A., Williams, B. A., Wine, D., Witt, H. N., Wold, B., Wolf, M., Wright, J., Xiao, R., Xiao, X., Xu, J., Xu, J., Yan, K., Yan, Y., Yang, H., Yang, X., Yang, Y., Yardimci, G. G., Yee, B. A., Yeo, G. W., Young, T., Yu, T., Yue, F., Zaleski, C., Zang, C., Zeng, H., Zeng, W., Zerbino, D. R., Zhai, J., Zhan, L., Zhan, Y., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, K., Zhang, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, Q., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhong, G., Zhou, X., Zhu, Y., Zimmerman, J. 2020; 583 (7818): 693–98

  Abstract

  The Encylopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project launched in 2003 with the long-term goal of developing a comprehensive map of functional elements in the human genome. These included genes, biochemical regions associated with gene regulation (for example, transcription factor binding sites, open chromatin, and histone marks) and transcript isoforms. The marks serve as sites for candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) that may serve functional roles in regulating gene expression1. The project has been extended to model organisms, particularly the mouse. In the third phase of ENCODE, nearly a million and more than 300,000 cCRE annotations have been generated for human and mouse, respectively, and these have provided a valuable resource for the scientific community.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-2449-8

  View details for PubMedID 32728248

• Metabolic Dynamics and Prediction of Gestational Age and Time to Delivery in Pregnant Women. Cell Liang, L., Rasmussen, M. H., Piening, B., Shen, X., Chen, S., Rost, H., Snyder, J. K., Tibshirani, R., Skotte, L., Lee, N. C., Contrepois, K., Feenstra, B., Zackriah, H., Snyder, M., Melbye, M. 2020; 181 (7): 1680

  Abstract

  Metabolism during pregnancy is a dynamic and precisely programmed process, the failure of which can bring devastating consequences to the mother and fetus. To define a high-resolution temporal profile of metabolites during healthy pregnancy, we analyzed the untargeted metabolome of 784weekly blood samples from 30 pregnant women. Broad changes and a highly choreographed profile were revealed: 4,995 metabolic features (of 9,651 total), 460 annotated compounds (of 687 total), and 34 human metabolic pathways (of 48 total) were significantly changed during pregnancy. Using linear models, we built a metabolic clock with five metabolites that time gestational age in high accordance with ultrasound (R= 0.92). Furthermore, two to three metabolites can identify when labor occurs (time to delivery within two, four, and eight weeks, AUROC ≥ 0.85). Our study represents a weekly characterization of the human pregnancy metabolome, providing a high-resolution landscape for understanding pregnancy with potential clinical utilities.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.002

  View details for PubMedID 32589958

• Molecular Choreography of Acute Exercise. Cell Contrepois, K., Wu, S., Moneghetti, K. J., Hornburg, D., Ahadi, S., Tsai, M. S., Metwally, A. A., Wei, E., Lee-McMullen, B., Quijada, J. V., Chen, S., Christle, J. W., Ellenberger, M., Balliu, B., Taylor, S., Durrant, M. G., Knowles, D. A., Choudhry, H., Ashland, M., Bahmani, A., Enslen, B., Amsallem, M., Kobayashi, Y., Avina, M., Perelman, D., Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose, S. M., Zhou, W., Ashley, E. A., Montgomery, S. B., Chaib, H., Haddad, F., Snyder, M. P. 2020; 181 (5): 1112–30.e16

  Abstract

  Acute physical activity leads to several changes in metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune pathways. Although studies have examined selected changes in these pathways, the system-wide molecular response to an acute bout of exercise has not been fully characterized. We performed longitudinal multi-omic profiling of plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells including metabolome, lipidome, immunome, proteome, and transcriptome from 36 well-characterized volunteers, before and after a controlled bout of symptom-limited exercise. Time-series analysis revealed thousands of molecular changes and an orchestrated choreography of biological processes involving energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, tissue repair, and growth factor response, as well as regulatory pathways. Most of these processes were dampened and some were reversed in insulin-resistant participants. Finally, we discovered biological pathways involved in cardiopulmonary exercise response and developed prediction models revealing potential resting blood-based biomarkers of peak oxygen consumption.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.043

  View details for PubMedID 32470399

• Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes. Nature Moore, J. E., Purcaro, M. J., Pratt, H. E., Epstein, C. B., Shoresh, N., Adrian, J., Kawli, T., Davis, C. A., Dobin, A., Kaul, R., Halow, J., Van Nostrand, E. L., Freese, P., Gorkin, D. U., Shen, Y., He, Y., Mackiewicz, M., Pauli-Behn, F., Williams, B. A., Mortazavi, A., Keller, C. A., Zhang, X. O., Elhajjajy, S. I., Huey, J., Dickel, D. E., Snetkova, V., Wei, X., Wang, X., Rivera-Mulia, J. C., Rozowsky, J., Zhang, J., Chhetri, S. B., Zhang, J., Victorsen, A., White, K. P., Visel, A., Yeo, G. W., Burge, C. B., Lécuyer, E., Gilbert, D. M., Dekker, J., Rinn, J., Mendenhall, E. M., Ecker, J. R., Kellis, M., Klein, R. J., Noble, W. S., Kundaje, A., Guigó, R., Farnham, P. J., Cherry, J. M., Myers, R. M., Ren, B., Graveley, B. R., Gerstein, M. B., Pennacchio, L. A., Snyder, M. P., Bernstein, B. E., Wold, B., Hardison, R. C., Gingeras, T. R., Stamatoyannopoulos, J. A., Weng, Z. 2020; 583 (7818): 699–710

  Abstract

  The human and mouse genomes contain instructions that specify RNAs and proteins and govern the timing, magnitude, and cellular context of their production. To better delineate these elements, phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project has expanded analysis of the cell and tissue repertoires of RNA transcription, chromatin structure and modification, DNA methylation, chromatin looping, and occupancy by transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins. Here we summarize these efforts, which have produced 5,992 new experimental datasets, including systematic determinations across mouse fetal development. All data are available through the ENCODE data portal (https://www.encodeproject.org), including phase II ENCODE1 and Roadmap Epigenomics2 data. We have developed a registry of 926,535 human and 339,815 mouse candidate cis-regulatory elements, covering 7.9 and 3.4% of their respective genomes, by integrating selected datatypes associated with gene regulation, and constructed a web-based server (SCREEN; http://screen.encodeproject.org) to provide flexible, user-defined access to this resource. Collectively, the ENCODE data and registry provide an expansive resource for the scientific community to build a better understanding of the organization and function of the human and mouse genomes.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41586-020-2493-4

  View details for PubMedID 32728249

• MISTERMINATE Mechanistically Links Mitochondrial Dysfunction with Proteostasis Failure. Molecular cell Wu, Z., Tantray, I., Lim, J., Chen, S., Li, Y., Davis, Z., Sitron, C., Dong, J., Gispert, S., Auburger, G., Brandman, O., Bi, X., Snyder, M., Lu, B. 2019

  Abstract

  Mitochondrial dysfunction and proteostasis failure frequently coexist as hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease. How these pathologies are related is notwell understood. Here, we describe a phenomenon termed MISTERMINATE (mitochondrial-stress-induced translational termination impairment and protein carboxyl terminal extension), which mechanistically links mitochondrial dysfunction with proteostasis failure. We show that mitochondrial dysfunction impairs translational termination of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs, including complex-I 30kD subunit (C-I30) mRNA, occurring on the mitochondrial surface in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Ribosomes stalled at the normal stop codon continue to add to the C terminus of C-I30 certain amino acids non-coded by mRNA template. C-terminally extended C-I30 is toxic when assembled into C-I and forms aggregates in the cytosol. Enhancing co-translational quality control prevents C-I30 C-terminal extension and rescues mitochondrial and neuromuscular degeneration in a Parkinson's disease model. These findings emphasize theimportance of efficient translation termination and reveal unexpected link between mitochondrial health and proteome homeostasis mediated by MISTERMINATE.

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.031

  View details for PubMedID 31378462

• Longitudinal multi-omics of host-microbe dynamics in prediabetes. Nature Zhou, W., Sailani, M. R., Contrepois, K., Zhou, Y., Ahadi, S., Leopold, S. R., Zhang, M. J., Rao, V., Avina, M., Mishra, T., Johnson, J., Lee-McMullen, B., Chen, S., Metwally, A. A., Tran, T. D., Nguyen, H., Zhou, X., Albright, B., Hong, B., Petersen, L., Bautista, E., Hanson, B., Chen, L., Spakowicz, D., Bahmani, A., Salins, D., Leopold, B., Ashland, M., Dagan-Rosenfeld, O., Rego, S., Limcaoco, P., Colbert, E., Allister, C., Perelman, D., Craig, C., Wei, E., Chaib, H., Hornburg, D., Dunn, J., Liang, L., Rose, S. M., Kukurba, K., Piening, B., Rost, H., Tse, D., McLaughlin, T., Sodergren, E., Weinstock, G. M., Snyder, M. 2019; 569 (7758): 663–71

  Abstract

  Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a growing health problem, but little is known about its early disease stages, its effects on biological processes or the transition to clinical T2D. To understand the earliest stages of T2Dbetter, we obtained samples from 106 healthy individuals and individuals with prediabetes over approximately four years and performed deep profiling of transcriptomes, metabolomes, cytokines, and proteomes, as well as changes in the microbiome. This rich longitudinal data set revealed many insights: first, healthy profiles are distinct among individuals while displaying diverse patterns of intra- and/or inter-personal variability. Second, extensive host and microbial changes occur during respiratory viral infections and immunization, and immunization triggers potentially protective responses that are distinct from responses to respiratory viral infections. Moreover, during respiratory viral infections, insulin-resistant participants respond differently than insulin-sensitive participants. Third, global co-association analyses among the thousands of profiled molecules reveal specific host-microbe interactions that differ between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive individuals. Last, we identified early personal molecular signatures in one individual that preceded the onset of T2D, including the inflammation markers interleukin-1 receptor agonist (IL-1RA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) paired with xenobiotic-induced immune signalling. Our study reveals insights into pathways and responses that differ between glucose-dysregulated and healthy individuals during health and disease and provides an open-access data resource to enable further research into healthy, prediabetic and T2D states.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/s41586-019-1236-x

  View details for PubMedID 31142858

• The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight SCIENCE Garrett-Bakelman, F. E., Darshi, M., Green, S. J., Gur, R. C., Lin, L., Macias, B. R., McKenna, M. J., Meydan, C., Mishra, T., Nasrini, J., Piening, B. D., Rizzardi, L. F., Sharma, K., Siamwala, J. H., Taylor, L., Vitaterna, M., Afkarian, M., Afshinnekoo, E., Ahadi, S., Ambati, A., Arya, M., Bezdan, D., Callahan, C. M., Chen, S., Choi, A. K., Chlipala, G. E., Contrepois, K., Covington, M., Crucian, B. E., De Vivo, I., Dinges, D. F., Ebert, D. J., Feinberg, J. I., Gandara, J. A., George, K. A., Goutsias, J., Grills, G. S., Hargens, A. R., Heer, M., Hillary, R. P., Hoofnagle, A. N., Hook, V. H., Jenkinson, G., Jiang, P., Keshavarzian, A., Laurie, S. S., Lee-McMullen, B., Lumpkins, S. B., MacKay, M., Maienschein-Cline, M. G., Melnick, A. M., Moore, T. M., Nakahira, K., Patel, H. H., Pietrzyk, R., Rao, V., Saito, R., Salins, D. N., Schilling, J. M., Sears, D. D., Sheridan, C. K., Stenger, M. B., Tryggvadottir, R., Urban, A. E., Vaisar, T., Van Espen, B., Zhang, J., Ziegler, M. G., Zwart, S. R., Charles, J. B., Kundrot, C. E., Scott, G. I., Bailey, S. M., Basner, M., Feinberg, A. P., Lee, S. C., Mason, C. E., Mignot, E., Rana, B. K., Smith, S. M., Snyder, M. P., Turek, F. W. 2019; 364 (6436): 144-+

  View details for DOI 10.1126/science.aau8650

  View details for Web of Science ID 000464620000031

• Multi-Omics Profiling, Microscopic Cervical Remodeling, and Parturition: Insights from the Smart Diaphragm Study. Liang, L., Dunn, J. P., Chen, S., Tsai, M., Hornburg, D., Newmann, S., Avina, M., Leng, Y., Holman, R., Lee, T. H., Qureshi, S., Montelongo, E., Zhao, B., Jeliffe, L., Snyder, M., Rand, L. SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. 2019: 216A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000459610400452

• The Metabolomic Clock of Human Pregnancy. Liang, L., Rasmussen, M. H., Piening, B., Rost, H., Chen, S., Skotte, L., Contrepois, K., Feenstra, B., Snyder, M., Melbye, M. SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. 2019: 118A–119A

  View details for Web of Science ID 000459610400163

• Smart Diaphragm Study: Multi-omics profiling and cervical device measurements during pregnancy Liang, L., Dunn, J. P., Chen, S., Tsai, M., Hornburg, D., Newmann, S., Chung, P., Avina, M., Leng, Y., Holman, R., Lee, T. H., Berrios, S., Qureshi, S. A., Baer, R., Etemadi, M., Montelongo, E., Paynter, R., Zhao, B., Roy, S., Jelliffe, L., Snyder, M., Rand, L. MOSBY-ELSEVIER. 2019: S649

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.1033

  View details for Web of Science ID 000454249403169

• The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight. Science (New York, N.Y.) Garrett-Bakelman, F. E., Darshi, M., Green, S. J., Gur, R. C., Lin, L., Macias, B. R., McKenna, M. J., Meydan, C., Mishra, T., Nasrini, J., Piening, B. D., Rizzardi, L. F., Sharma, K., Siamwala, J. H., Taylor, L., Vitaterna, M. H., Afkarian, M., Afshinnekoo, E., Ahadi, S., Ambati, A., Arya, M., Bezdan, D., Callahan, C. M., Chen, S., Choi, A. M., Chlipala, G. E., Contrepois, K., Covington, M., Crucian, B. E., De Vivo, I., Dinges, D. F., Ebert, D. J., Feinberg, J. I., Gandara, J. A., George, K. A., Goutsias, J., Grills, G. S., Hargens, A. R., Heer, M., Hillary, R. P., Hoofnagle, A. N., Hook, V. Y., Jenkinson, G., Jiang, P., Keshavarzian, A., Laurie, S. S., Lee-McMullen, B., Lumpkins, S. B., MacKay, M., Maienschein-Cline, M. G., Melnick, A. M., Moore, T. M., Nakahira, K., Patel, H. H., Pietrzyk, R., Rao, V., Saito, R., Salins, D. N., Schilling, J. M., Sears, D. D., Sheridan, C. K., Stenger, M. B., Tryggvadottir, R., Urban, A. E., Vaisar, T., Van Espen, B., Zhang, J., Ziegler, M. G., Zwart, S. R., Charles, J. B., Kundrot, C. E., Scott, G. B., Bailey, S. M., Basner, M., Feinberg, A. P., Lee, S. M., Mason, C. E., Mignot, E., Rana, B. K., Smith, S. M., Snyder, M. P., Turek, F. W. 2019; 364 (6436)

  Abstract

  To understand the health impact of long-duration spaceflight, one identical twin astronaut was monitored before, during, and after a 1-year mission onboard the International Space Station; his twin served as a genetically matched ground control. Longitudinal assessments identified spaceflight-specific changes, including decreased body mass, telomere elongation, genome instability, carotid artery distension and increased intima-media thickness, altered ocular structure, transcriptional and metabolic changes, DNA methylation changes in immune and oxidative stress-related pathways, gastrointestinal microbiota alterations, and some cognitive decline postflight. Although average telomere length, global gene expression, and microbiome changes returned to near preflight levels within 6 months after return to Earth, increased numbers of short telomeres were observed and expression of some genes was still disrupted. These multiomic, molecular, physiological, and behavioral datasets provide a valuable roadmap of the putative health risks for future human spaceflight.

  View details for PubMedID 30975860

• A terpy-functionalized benzodifuran-based fluorescent probe for in vitro monitoring cellular Zn(II) uptake Polyhedron Chen, S., Huang, X., Decurtins, S., Albrecht, C., Liu, S. 2017; 134: 287

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.poly.2017.06.037

• Low-Dimensional Tin(II) Iodide Perovskite Structures Templated by an Aromatic Heterocyclic Cation CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN Liu, X., Chen, S., Hauser, J., Laukhin, V., Decurtins, S., Aschauer, U., Liu, S. 2016; 16 (9): 5230–37

  View details for DOI 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00790

  View details for Web of Science ID 000382902400055

• Control of Reactivity and Regioselectivity for On-Surface Dehydrogenative Aryl-Aryl Bond Formation JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Kocic, N., Liu, X., Chen, S., Decurtins, S., Krejci, O., Jelinek, P., Repp, J., Liu, S. 2016; 138 (17): 5585–93

  Abstract

  Regioselectivity is of fundamental importance in chemical synthesis. Although many concepts for site-selective reactions are well established for solution chemistry, it is not a priori clear whether they can easily be transferred to reactions taking place on a metal surface. A metal will fix the chemical potential of the electrons and perturb the electronic states of the reactants because of hybridization. Additionally, techniques to characterize chemical reactions in solution are generally not applicable to on-surface reactions. Only recent developments in resolving chemical structures by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) paved the way for identifying individual reaction products on surfaces. Here we exploit a combined STM/AFM technique to demonstrate the on-surface formation of complex molecular architectures built up from a heteroaromatic precursor, the tetracyclic pyrazino[2,3-f][4,7]phenanthroline (pap) molecule. Selective intermolecular aryl-aryl coupling via dehydrogenative C-H activation occurs on Au(111) upon thermal annealing under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. A full atomistic description of the different reaction products based on an unambiguous discrimination between pyrazine and pyridine moieties is presented. Our work not only elucidates that ortho-hydrogen atoms of the pyrazine rings are preferentially activated over their pyridine equivalents, but also sheds new light onto the participation of substrate atoms in metal-organic coordination bonding during covalent C-C bond formation.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/jacs.5b13461

  View details for Web of Science ID 000375521100024

  View details for PubMedID 27059121

• Controlling Electrical Conductance through a pi-Conjugated Cruciform Molecule by Selective Anchoring to Gold Electrodes ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION Huang, C., Chen, S., Ornso, K., Reber, D., Baghernejad, M., Fu, Y., Wandlowski, T., Decurtins, S., Hong, W., Thygesen, K., Liu, S. 2015; 54 (48): 14304–7

  Abstract

  Tuning charge transport at the single-molecule level plays a crucial role in the construction of molecular electronic devices. Introduced herein is a promising and operationally simple approach to tune two distinct charge-transport pathways through a cruciform molecule. Upon in situ cleavage of triisopropylsilyl groups, complete conversion from one junction type to another is achieved with a conductance increase by more than one order of magnitude, and it is consistent with predictions from ab initio transport calculations. Although molecules are well known to conduct through different orbitals (either HOMO or LUMO), the present study represents the first experimental realization of switching between HOMO- and LUMO-dominated transport within the same molecule.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/anie.201506026

  View details for Web of Science ID 000367724000014

  View details for PubMedID 26444184

• Exploitation of desilylation chemistry in tailor-made functionalization on diverse surfaces NATURE COMMUNICATIONS Fu, Y., Chen, S., Kuzume, A., Rudnev, A., Huang, C., Kaliginedi, V., Baghernejad, M., Hong, W., Wandlowski, T., Decurtins, S., Liu, S. 2015; 6: 6403

  Abstract

  Interface engineering to attain a uniform and compact self-assembled monolayer at atomically flat surfaces plays a crucial role in the bottom-up fabrication of organic molecular devices. Here we report a promising and operationally simple approach for modification/functionalization not only at ultraflat single-crystal metal surfaces, M(111) (M=Au, Pt, Pd, Rh and Ir) but also at the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface, upon efficient in situ cleavage of trimethylsilyl end groups of the molecules. The obtained self-assembled monolayers are ultrastable within a wide potential window. The carbon-surface bonding on various substrates is confirmed by shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Application of this strategy in tuning surface wettability is also demonstrated. The most valuable finding is that a combination of the desilylation with the click chemistry represents an efficient method for covalent and tailor-made functionalization of diverse surfaces.

  View details for DOI 10.1038/ncomms7403

  View details for Web of Science ID 000352693700001

  View details for PubMedID 25758661

  View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4382705

• Electronic transport in benzodifuran single-molecule transistors NANOSCALE Xiang, A., Li, H., Chen, S., Liu, S., Decurtins, S., Bai, M., Hou, S., Liao, J. 2015; 7 (17): 7665–73

  Abstract

  Benzodifuran (BDF) single-molecule transistors have been fabricated in electromigration break junctions for electronic measurements. The inelastic electron tunneling spectrum validates that the BDF molecule is the pathway of charge transport. The gating effect is analyzed in the framework of a single-level tunneling model combined with transition voltage spectroscopy (TVS). The analysis reveals that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the thiol-terminated BDF molecule dominates the charge transport through Au-BDF-Au junctions. Moreover, the energy shift of the HOMO caused by the gate voltage is the main reason for conductance modulation. In contrast, the electronic coupling between the BDF molecule and the gold electrodes, which significantly affects the low-bias junction conductance, is only influenced slightly by the applied gate voltage. These findings will help in the design of future molecular electronic devices.

  View details for DOI 10.1039/c5nr00402k

  View details for Web of Science ID 000353981700022

  View details for PubMedID 25833315

• A Cruciform Electron Donor-Acceptor Semiconductor with Solid-State Red Emission: 1D/2D Optical Waveguides and Highly Sensitive/Selective Detection of H2S Gas ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS Luo, H., Chen, S., Liu, Z., Zhang, C., Cai, Z., Chen, X., Zhang, G., Zhao, Y., Decurtins, S., Liu, S., Zhang, D. 2014; 24 (27): 4250–58

  View details for DOI 10.1002/adfm.201304027

  View details for Web of Science ID 000339713500005

• Regulating a Benzodifuran Single Molecule Redox Switch via Electrochemical Gating and Optimization of Molecule/Electrode Coupling JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY Li, Z., Li, H., Chen, S., Froehlich, T., Yi, C., Schoenenberger, C., Calame, M., Decurtins, S., Liu, S., Borguet, E. 2014; 136 (25): 8867–70

  Abstract

  We report a novel strategy for the regulation of charge transport through single molecule junctions via the combination of external stimuli of electrode potential, internal modulation of molecular structures, and optimization of anchoring groups. We have designed redox-active benzodifuran (BDF) compounds as functional electronic units to fabricate metal-molecule-metal (m-M-m) junction devices by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and mechanically controllable break junctions (MCBJ). The conductance of thiol-terminated BDF can be tuned by changing the electrode potentials showing clearly an off/on/off single molecule redox switching effect. To optimize the response, a BDF molecule tailored with carbodithioate (-CS2(-)) anchoring groups was synthesized. Our studies show that replacement of thiol by carbodithioate not only enhances the junction conductance but also substantially improves the switching effect by enhancing the on/off ratio from 2.5 to 8.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/ja5034606

  View details for Web of Science ID 000338184200008

  View details for PubMedID 24933522

• Directed Metalation Cascade To Access Highly Functionalized Thieno[2,3-f]benzofuran and Exploration as Building Blocks for Organic Electronics ORGANIC LETTERS Aeschi, Y., Li, H., Cao, Z., Chen, S., Amacher, A., Bieri, N., Oezen, B., Hauser, J., Decurtins, S., Tan, S., Liu, S. 2013; 15 (21): 5586–89

  Abstract

  A tandem directed metalation has been successfully applied to the preparation of thieno[2,3-f]benzofuran-4,8-dione, providing an efficient and facile approach to symmetrically and unsymmetrically functionalize the thieno[2,3-f]benzofuran core at the 2,6 positions as well as to introduce the electron-withdrawing or -donating groups (EWG or EDG) at its 4,8 positions. The presence of various functional groups makes late-stage derivatization attainable.

  View details for DOI 10.1021/ol402787d

  View details for Web of Science ID 000326615100049

  View details for PubMedID 24144299

• Synthesis and Redox and Photophysical Properties of Benzodifuran-Spiropyran Ensembles CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL Li, H., Ding, J., Chen, S., Beyer, C., Liu, S., Wagenknecht, H., Hauser, A., Decurtins, S. 2013; 19 (20): 6459–66

  Abstract

  Two benzodifuran (BDF)-coupled spiropyran (SP) systems and their BDF reference compounds were obtained in good yields through Huisgen-Meldal-Sharpless "click" chemistry and then subjected to investigation of their electrochemical and photophysical properties. In both SP and merocyanine (MC) forms of the coupled molecules, the BDF-based emission is quenched to around 1 % of the quantum yield of emission from the BDF reference compounds. Based on electrochemical data, this quenching is attributed to oxidative electron-transfer quenching. Irradiation at 366 nm results in ring opening to the MC forms of the BDF-coupled SP compounds and the SP reference compound with a quantum efficiency of about 50 %. The rate constants for the thermal ring closing are approximately 3.4×10(-3)  s(-1). However, in the photostationary states the MC fractions of the coupled molecules are substantially lower than that of the reference SP compound, attributed to the observed acceleration of the ring-closing reaction upon irradiation. As irradiation at 366 nm invariably also excites higher-energy transitions of the BDF units in the coupled compounds, the ring-opening reaction is accelerated relative to the SP reference, which results in lower MC fractions in the photostationary state. Reversible photochromism of these BDF-coupled SP compounds renders them promising in the field of molecular switches.

  View details for DOI 10.1002/chem.201204043

  View details for Web of Science ID 000318365200036

  View details for PubMedID 23494841

• InCl3 center dot 4H(2)O-Catalyzed Trioxane as a New Methylating Agent for multi-Methylated Aromatics Affording Hexamethyl Benzene LETTERS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Chen, S., Hua, R. 2010; 7 (1): 61–63

  View details for DOI 10.2174/157017810790533959

  View details for Web of Science ID 000274065800012

• An efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical diarylmethanes from the dehydration of arenes with benzyl alcohols using InCl3 center dot 4H(2)O/acetylacetone catalyst system TETRAHEDRON Sun, H., Li, B., Chen, S., Li, J., Hua, R. 2007; 63 (41): 10185–88

  View details for DOI 10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.093

  View details for Web of Science ID 000252092200008

• An efficient bismuth(III) chloride-catalyzed synthesis of 1,1-diarylalkenes via Friedel-Crafts reaction of acyl chloride or vinyl chloride with arenes ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS Sun, H., Hua, R., Chen, S., Yin, Y. 2006; 348 (14): 1919–25

  View details for DOI 10.1002/adsc.200606157

  View details for Web of Science ID 000240707900019