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Abstract
In isolated myocytes, hypertrophy induced by norepinephrine is mediated via ?(1)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) and not ?-ARs. However, mice with deletions of both major cardiac ?(1)-ARs still develop hypertrophy in response to pressure overload. Our purpose was to better define the role of ?-AR subtypes in regulating cardiac hypertrophy in vivo, important given the widespread clinical use of ?-AR antagonists and the likelihood that patients treated with these agents could develop conditions of further afterload stress. Mice with deletions of ?(1), ?(2), or both ?(1)- and ?(2)-ARs were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). After 3 wk, ?(1)(-/-) showed a 21% increase in heart to body weight vs. sham controls, similar to wild type, whereas ?(2)(-/-) developed exaggerated (49% increase) hypertrophy. Only when both ?-ARs were ablated (?(1)?(2)(-/-)) was hypertrophy totally abolished. Cardiac function was preserved in all genotypes. Several known inhibitors of cardiac hypertrophy (FK506 binding protein 5, thioredoxin interacting protein, and S100A9) were upregulated in ?(1)?(2)(-/-) compared with the other genotypes, whereas transforming growth factor-?(2), a positive mediator of hypertrophy was upregulated in all genotypes except the ?(1)?(2)(-/-). In contrast to recent reports suggesting that angiogenesis plays a critical role in regulating cardiac hypertrophy-induced heart failure, we found no evidence that angiogenesis or its regulators (VEGF, Hif1?, and p53) play a role in compensated cardiac hypertrophy. Pressure overload hypertrophy in vivo is dependent on a coordination of signaling through both ?(1)- and ?(2)-ARs, mediated through several key cardiac remodeling pathways. Angiogenesis is not a prerequisite for compensated cardiac hypertrophy.
View details for DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00453.2010
View details for Web of Science ID 000295360100028
View details for PubMedID 21705675