Employment Projections

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Civilian labor force participation rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity

This table also can be found in the article, "Labor Force Projections to 2018," published in the November 2009 Monthly Labor Review.

Other available formats: [PDF] [XLS]

Table 3.3 Civilian labor force participation rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 1988, 1998, 2008, and projected 2018
[In percent]
Group	Participation rate				Percentage-point change			Average annual rate of change
Group	1988	1998	2008	2018	1988-98	1998-2008	2008-18	1988-98	1998-2008	2008-18
Total, 16 years and older	65.9	67.1	66.0	64.5	1.2	-1.1	-1.5	0.2	-0.2	-0.2
16 to 24	68.4	65.9	58.8	54.5	-2.5	-7.1	-4.3	-0.4	-1.1	-0.8
16 to 19	55.3	52.8	40.2	33.8	-2.5	-12.6	-6.4	-0.5	-2.7	-1.7
20 to 24	78.7	77.5	74.4	71.3	-1.2	-3.1	-3.1	-0.2	-0.4	-0.4
25 to 54	82.9	84.1	83.1	82.5	1.2	-1.0	-0.6	0.1	-0.1	-0.1
25 to 34	83.3	84.6	83.3	82.4	1.3	-1.3	-0.9	0.2	-0.2	-0.1
35 to 44	84.6	84.7	84.1	83.2	0.1	-0.6	-0.9	0.0	-0.1	-0.1
45 to 54	79.6	82.5	81.9	81.7	2.9	-0.6	-0.2	0.4	-0.1	0.0
55 and older	30.0	31.3	39.4	43.5	1.3	8.1	4.1	0.4	2.3	1.0
55 to 64	54.6	59.3	64.5	68.1	4.7	5.2	3.6	0.8	0.8	0.5
55 to 59	65.7	69.5	73.1	75.9	3.8	3.6	2.8	0.6	0.5	0.4
60 to 64	43.4	46.8	54.1	59.7	3.4	7.3	5.6	0.8	1.5	1.0
60 to 61	53.6	56.5	62.0	66.8	2.9	5.5	4.8	0.5	0.9	0.7
62 to 64	36.3	39.9	47.2	54.7	3.6	7.3	7.5	1.0	1.7	1.5
65 and older	11.5	11.9	16.8	22.4	0.4	4.9	5.6	0.3	3.5	2.9
65 to 74	16.1	17.7	25.1	30.5	1.6	7.4	5.4	1.0	3.6	2.0
65 to 69	20.1	22.5	30.7	36.9	2.4	8.2	6.2	1.1	3.2	1.9
70 to 74	10.9	12.5	17.8	22.0	1.6	5.3	4.2	1.4	3.6	2.1
75 to 79	6.1	6.6	10.3	14.3	0.5	3.7	4.0	0.8	4.6	3.3
75 and older	4.2	4.7	7.3	10.3	0.5	2.6	3.0	1.1	4.5	3.5

Men, 16 years and older	76.2	74.9	73.0	70.6	-1.3	-1.9	-2.4	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3
16 to 24	72.4	68.4	61.0	56.3	-4.0	-7.4	-4.7	-0.6	-1.1	-0.8
16 to 19	56.9	53.3	40.1	33.2	-3.6	-13.2	-6.9	-0.7	-2.8	-1.9
20 to 24	85.0	82.0	78.7	75.2	-3.0	-3.3	-3.5	-0.4	-0.4	-0.5
25 to 54	93.6	91.8	90.5	89.9	-1.8	-1.3	-0.6	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
25 to 34	94.3	93.2	91.5	90.6	-1.1	-1.7	-0.9	-0.1	-0.2	-0.1
35 to 44	94.5	92.6	92.2	92.0	-1.9	-0.4	-0.2	-0.2	0.0	0.0
45 to 54	90.9	89.2	88.0	87.1	-1.7	-1.2	-0.9	-0.2	-0.1	-0.1
55 and older	39.9	39.1	46.0	48.0	-0.8	6.9	2.0	-0.2	1.6	0.4
55 to 64	67.0	68.1	70.4	71.2	1.1	2.3	0.8	0.2	0.3	0.1
55 to 59	79.3	78.4	78.8	78.6	-0.9	0.4	-0.2	-0.1	0.1	0.0
60 to 64	54.4	55.4	59.9	63.1	1.0	4.5	3.2	0.2	0.8	0.5
60 to 61	67.1	67.0	67.9	68.9	-0.1	0.9	1.0	0.0	0.1	0.1
62 to 64	45.4	47.3	53.0	58.8	1.9	5.7	5.8	0.4	1.1	1.0
65 and older	16.5	16.5	21.5	26.7	0.0	5.0	5.2	0.0	2.7	2.2
65 to 74	21.3	22.6	29.7	34.4	1.3	7.1	4.7	0.6	2.8	1.5
65 to 69	25.8	28.0	35.6	40.3	2.2	7.6	4.7	0.8	2.4	1.2
70 to 74	15.2	16.5	21.9	26.4	1.3	5.4	4.5	0.8	2.9	1.9
75 to 79	9.6	9.9	13.5	17.6	0.3	3.6	4.1	0.3	3.2	2.7
75 and older	7.4	7.5	10.4	13.9	0.1	2.9	3.5	0.1	3.3	2.9

Women, 16 years and older	56.6	59.8	59.5	58.7	3.2	-0.3	-0.8	0.6	-0.1	-0.1
16 to 24	64.5	63.3	56.5	52.7	-1.2	-6.8	-3.8	-0.2	-1.1	-0.7
16 to 19	53.6	52.3	40.2	34.4	-1.3	-12.1	-5.8	-0.2	-2.6	-1.5
20 to 24	72.7	73.0	70.0	67.3	0.3	-3.0	-2.7	0.0	-0.4	-0.4
25 to 54	72.7	76.5	75.8	75.1	3.8	-0.7	-0.7	0.5	-0.1	-0.1
25 to 34	72.7	76.3	75.2	74.2	3.6	-1.1	-1.0	0.5	-0.1	-0.1
35 to 44	75.2	77.1	76.1	74.6	1.9	-1.0	-1.5	0.2	-0.1	-0.2
45 to 54	69.0	76.2	76.1	76.6	7.2	-0.1	0.5	1.0	0.0	0.1
55 and older	22.3	25.0	33.9	39.5	2.7	8.9	5.6	1.1	3.1	1.5
55 to 64	43.5	51.2	59.1	65.3	7.7	7.9	6.2	1.6	1.4	1.0
55 to 59	53.3	61.3	67.7	73.3	8.0	6.4	5.6	1.4	1.0	0.8
60 to 64	33.8	39.1	48.7	56.6	5.3	9.6	7.9	1.5	2.2	1.5
60 to 61	41.7	47.3	56.5	64.8	5.6	9.2	8.3	1.3	1.8	1.4
62 to 64	28.5	33.3	42.0	50.9	4.8	8.7	8.9	1.6	2.3	1.9
65 and older	7.9	8.6	13.3	18.9	0.7	4.7	5.6	0.9	4.5	3.6
65 to 74	11.9	13.7	21.1	27.1	1.8	7.4	6.0	1.4	4.4	2.5
65 to 69	15.4	17.8	26.4	33.9	2.4	8.6	7.5	1.5	4.0	2.5
70 to 74	7.5	9.3	14.3	18.3	1.8	5.0	4.0	2.2	4.4	2.5
75 to 79	3.8	4.2	7.9	11.7	0.4	3.7	3.8	1.0	6.5	4.0
75 and older	2.4	2.9	5.2	7.7	0.5	2.3	2.5	1.9	6.0	4.0

Race:
White	66.2	67.3	66.3	64.5	1.1	-1.0	-1.8	0.2	-0.1	-0.3
Men	76.9	75.6	73.7	71.1	-1.3	-1.9	-2.6	-0.2	-0.3	-0.4
Women	56.4	59.4	59.2	58.2	3.0	-0.2	-1.0	0.5	0.0	-0.2

Black	63.8	65.6	63.7	63.3	1.8	-1.9	-0.4	0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Men	71.0	69.0	66.7	65.7	-2.0	-2.3	-1.0	-0.3	-0.3	-0.1
Women	58.0	62.8	61.3	61.2	4.8	-1.5	-0.1	0.8	-0.2	0.0

Asian	65.0	67.0	67.0	65.0	2.0	0.0	-2.0	0.3	0.0	-0.3
Men	74.4	75.5	75.3	73.8	1.1	-0.2	-1.5	0.1	0.0	-0.2
Women	56.5	59.2	59.4	57.4	2.7	0.2	-2.0	0.5	0.0	-0.3

All other race groups 1	-	-	65.6	66.6	-	-	1.0	-	-	0.2
Men	-	-	71.4	70.1	-	-	-1.3	-	-	-0.2
Women	-	-	60.1	63.3	-	-	3.2	-	-	0.5

Ethnicity:
Hispanic origin	67.4	68.0	68.5	67.3	0.6	0.5	-1.2	0.1	0.1	-0.2
Men	81.9	79.8	80.2	78.2	-2.1	0.4	-2.0	-0.3	0.1	-0.3
Women	53.2	55.6	56.2	56.4	2.4	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.1	0.0

Other than Hispanic origin	65.8	67.0	65.6	63.9	1.2	-1.4	-1.7	0.2	-0.2	-0.3
Men	75.7	74.3	71.7	68.9	-1.4	-2.6	-2.8	-0.2	-0.4	-0.4
Women	56.8	60.3	60.0	59.2	3.5	-0.3	-0.8	0.6	-0.1	-0.1

White non-Hispanic	66.1	67.2	65.9	64.7	1.1	-1.3	-1.2	0.2	-0.2	-0.2
Men	76.4	75.0	72.4	70.7	-1.4	-2.6	-1.7	-0.2	-0.4	-0.2
Women	56.7	59.9	59.8	59.0	3.2	-0.1	-0.8	0.6	0.0	-0.1
Footnotes: 1 The “All other groups" category includes (1) those classified as being of mutiple racial origin and (2) the race categories of (2a) American Indian and Alaska Native or (2b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders. Dash indicates no data collected for category. Source: Employment Projections Program, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Employment Projections

Employment Projections

Civilian labor force participation rates by age, sex, race, and ethnicity

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