A murine mAb, 5A6 (IgG1), has been isolated by immunization with a human B lymphoma cell line and screening for growth inhibition. The antibody immunoprecipitated a single chain protein of 26 kDa from cell lysates made with Triton X-100 but additional proteins were precipitated when cell lysates were made with the milder detergent CHAPS (3-[3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)-1-propane sulfate). We have identified one of these coprecipitated molecules as the 16-kDa Leu-13 Ag. 5A6 and anti-Leu-13 showed similar, although not identical, reactivity, growth inhibition and temperature-dependent aggregation effects among hematolymphoid cell lines. The aggregation induced by 5A6 and anti-Leu-13 was not dependent on LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1). The cell-surface expression of both TAPA-1 (target of an antiproliferative antibody-1) and Leu-13 could be down-modulated by binding to their respective antibodies and they could be reciprocally comodulated. These results suggest that TAPA-1 and Leu-13 form a complex on the cell surface and play a role in growth control through a common pathway.