James C. Miller III is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and a senior adviser at Husch Blackwell, LLP, an international law firm.

He was director of the US Office of Management and Budget from 1985 to 1988 and chairman of the US Federal Trade Commission from 1981 to 1985.

During 1981, he was administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs at the US Office of Management and Budget and executive director of the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief.

Between 1977 and 1981, Miller was a resident scholar at the Center for the Study of Government Regulation at the American Enterprise Institute. From 1978 to 1981, he served as codirector of the center.

In the area of business and public service, from 1978 to 1981, Miller was chairman of the Board of Economic Impact Analysis. From 1988 to 2002, Miller was counselor to Citizens for a Sound Economy, and from 2002 to 2006 he served as chairman of the CapAnalysis Group. Presently, he serves on the boards of a number of foundations and enterprises, including the International Tax and Investment Center, Washington Mutual Investors, and has been nominated for a second term on the Board of Governors of the US Postal Service.

Among his many publications are Monopoly Politics (Hoover Institution Press, 1999), Fix the Budget!: Urgings of an "Abominable No-Man" (Hoover Institution Press, 1994); Public Choice and Regulation: A View from inside the Federal Trade Commission, coedited with Robert J. Mackay and Bruce Yandle (Hoover Institution Press, 1987); Reforming Regulation, coedited with Timothy Clark and Marvin Kosters (American Enterprise Institute, 1980); and Economic Regulation of Domestic Air Transport: Theory and Policy (Brookings Institution, 1974).

He is also a member of the American Economic Association, the Public Choice Society, and the Southern Economic Association, of which he was elected a member of the executive committee from 1980 to 1982 and elected vice president for the 1991–92 term.

Miller began his career as an assistant professor of economics at Georgia State University in 1968. He earned his PhD in economics in 1969 at the University of Virginia.

His research papers are available at the Hoover Institution Archives.