James S. Fishkin holds the Janet M. Peck Chair in International Communication at Stanford University where he is Professor of Communication, Professor of Political Science (by courtesy) and Director of the Center for Deliberative Democracy. His work focuses on deliberative democracy and democratic theory in books such as When the People Speak (2009), Deliberation Day (2004 with Bruce Ackerman) and Democracy and Deliberation (1991). He originated Deliberative Polling as a method of public consultation in 1988. He began to apply it in collaboration with Robert C. Luskin in 1994 and has since spread it, various collaborators, to projects in 23 countries. For more on Deliberative Polling see cdd.stanford.edu. He has been a Guggenheim Fellow, a Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.