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Strategies & Analysis: Vehicle Technologies

• Strategies & Analysis
• Fuels
• Vehicle Technologies
• Travel Efficiency

For information on vehicle technologies that can lower greenhouse gas emissions and save on fuel costs, see:

• Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs): Find information on PHEVs, including the different kinds of PHEVs, their benefits and challenges, available models (including videos), and tax incentives.
• Electric Vehicles (EVs): Find information on electric vehicles (EVs), including their benefits and challenges, available models (including videos), and tax incentives.
• Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Learn the basics of fuel cell vehicles
  • California Fuel Cell Partnership: Learn more about the benefits of fuel cell vehicles, progress made in developing vehicles and fueling stations, and plans for bringing fuel cell vehicles to California.
  • Read about EPA’s Fuel Cell Delivery Vehicle Testing Program

Programs:

• SmartWay Transport Partnership is a public/private collaboration between the U.S. EPA and the freight transportation industry that helps freight shippers, carriers, and logistics companies improve fuel-efficiency and save money.
• SmartWay Light Duty Vehicle Program certifies the cleanest, most efficient cars, trucks, and SUVs each model year, based on their greenhouse gas and smog ratings.
• Clean Automotive Technology explores EPA's research in advanced technologies for reducing emissions and improving vehicle fuel efficiency.

Consumer Information:

• Fuel Economy & Environment Labels provide the public with information on vehicles’ fuel economy, energy use, fuel costs, and environmental impacts-- including information for advanced technology vehicles like electric cars. Starting with model year 2013 vehicles, these redesigned labels can be seen on all new cars and light trucks in dealer showrooms. With the label, you can make comparisons – car by car – to ensure that you have the best information to save on fuel costs and reduce emissions.
• Fueleconomy.gov, a joint website of the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. EPA, is designed to help you make informed choices when purchasing a vehicle, so you can achieve the best fuel economy and emissions reductions possible. The site provides fuel economy estimates, environmental impact ratings, fuel-saving tips, and information on advanced technology vehicles such as electric vehicles.
• Green Vehicle Guide helps you find information on vehicles that are more efficient and less polluting. Reducing vehicle emissions and increasing your fuel economy helps the environment and your wallet.

NOTE: You will need Adobe Acrobat Reader, available as a free download, to view some of the files on this page. See EPA's PDF page to learn more about PDF, and for a link to the free Acrobat Reader.

Research & Technical Reports:

• Non-GHG Air Quality Modeling
  • Air Quality Modeling Technical Support Document: 2017-2025 Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emission Standards Final Rule (PDF) (153 pp, 10MB, EPA-454-R-12-004, August 2012)
  • Emissions Inventory for Air Quality Modeling Technical Support Document 2017-2025 Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Final Rule (PDF) (63 pp, 1.36MB, EPA-454-R-12-005, August 2012)


• Consumer Vehicle Choice Model
  • Consumer Vehicle Choice Model Documentation (PDF) (62 pp, 702K, EPA-420-B-12-052, August 2012)
  • Peer Review for the Consumer Vehicle Choice Model and Documentation (PDF) (134 pp, 1.1MB, EPA-420-R-12-013, August 2012)
  • How Consumers Value Fuel Economy: A Literature Review (PDF) (79 pp, 1.1MB, EPA-420-R-10-008, March 2010)
  • Peer Review for the Report, “How Consumers Value Fuel Economy: A Literature Review” (PDF) (61 pp, 678K, EPA-420-S-10-001, April 2010)


• Mass Reduction
  • Light-Duty Vehicle Mass Reduction and Cost Analysis — Midsize Crossover Utility Vehicle (FEV-EPA Contract) (PDF) (878 pp, 31.2MB, EPA-420-R-12-026, August 2012)
    • Peer Review of Light-Duty Vehicle Mass-Reduction and Cost Analysis — Midsize Crossover Utility Vehicle (FEV-EPA Contract) (PDF) (1079 pp, 35.26MB, EPA-420-R-12-019, August 2012)
    • Supporting LS DYNA models (baseline and light weighted) (ZIP) (28MB, August 2012)
  • Evaluating the Structure and Crashworthiness of a 2020 Model-Year, Mass-Reduced Crossover Vehicle Using FEA Modeling (Lotus-ARB Contract) (PDF) (449 pp, 23.5MB, August 2012)
    • Peer Review of "Evaluating the Structure and Crashworthiness of a 2020 Model-Year, Mass Reduced Crossover Vehicle using FEA Modeling” (Lotus-EPA/ARB Contract) (PDF) (668 pp, 34MB, EPA-420R-12-028, August 2012)
  • Assessment of NHTSA’s Report “Relationships Between Fatality Risk, Mass, and Footprint in Model Year 2000-2007 Passenger Cars and LTVs” (LBNL Phase 1 Report) (PDF) (109 pp, 2.45MB, August 2012)
  • An Analysis of the Relationship between Casualty Risk Per Crash and Vehicle Mass and Footprint for Model Year 2000-2007 Light-Duty Vehicles (LBNL Phase 2 Report) (PDF) (95 pp, 21.8MB, August 2012)
    • Peer Review of LBNL Statistical Analysis of the Effect of Vehicle Mass & Footprint Reduction on Safety (LBNL Phase 1 and 2 Reports) (PDF) (230 pp, 7.6MB, EPA-420-R-12-020, August 2012)


• ANL BatPaC Model (Argonne National Laboratory Battery Performance and Cost Model v2 Beta) (EXCEL) (430K, August 2012)
  • Response to Peer Review for ANL Battery Pack Model (ZIP) (7.14MB, August 2012)
  • Peer Review for ANL Battery Pack Model (ZIP) (3.22MB, August 2012)
  • Peer Review of the Draft Report “Modeling the Cost and Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric-Drive Vehicles”: Revised Final Report (PDF) (96 pp, 1.02MB, EPA-420-R-12-021, August 2012)
  
  
• Memorandum on Projected Fuel Savings of the MY 2012-MY 2025 Greenhouse Gas Standards Expressed as an “Equivalent” Reduction in Gasoline Price (PDF) (2 pp, 47K, August 2012)
• Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends
  • This report provides data on the fuel economy, greenhouse gas, and technology characteristics of new light-duty vehicles (cars, vans, sport utility vehicles (SUVs), and pickup trucks).
• Light-Duty Technology Cost Analysis, Power-Split and P2 HEV Case Studies (PDF) (153 pp, 8.7M, EPA-420-R-11-015, November 2011)
  • Peer Review (PDF) (88 pp, 784K, EPA-420-R-11-016, November 2011)
  • Response to Peer Reviewer Comments (PDF) (19 pp, 137K, EPA-420-R-11-017, November 2011)
• Light-Duty Vehicle Technology Cost Analysis, Advanced 8-Speed Transmissions (Revised Final Report) (PDF) (30 pp, 847K, EPA-420-R-13-007, April 2013)
• Light-Duty Vehicle Technology Cost Analysis, Mild Hybrid and Valvetrain Technology (PDF) (91 pp, 2.5MB, EPA-420-R-11-023, November 2011)
• Potential Stranded Capital Analysis on EPA Light-Duty Technology Cost Analysis (PDF) (21 pp, 142K, EPA-420-R-11-019, November 2011)
• Ricardo Computer Simulation of Light-Duty Vehicle Technologies for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in the 2020-2025 Timeframe (PDF) (150 pp, 3.78MB, EPA-420-R-11-020, December 2011)
  • Response to Peer Review (PDF) (434 pp, 8.59MB, EPA-420-R-11-021, December 2011)
  • Ricardo Response Surface Model Tool (zip) (7.85MB, January 2012)
• EPA Pilot Study (PDF) (317 pp, 5.8M, EPA420-F-09-020 December 2009)
  • Supporting Excel spreadsheets can be found in the Electronic Docket at regulations.gov; search for "EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0472-11395," and see the documents with IDs EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0472-11395.1 through EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0472-11395.23
  • ICF International Pilot Study Peer Review Report (PDF) (135 pp, 742K, December 2009)
  • EPA Pilot Study Peer Review - Response to Comments (PDF) (26 pp, 187K, EPA420-F-09-021, December 2009)
• Light-Duty Technology Cost Analysis, Report on Additional Case Studies (Revised Final Report) (PDF) (39 pp, 281K, EPA-420-R-13-008, April 2013)
  • Supporting Excel spreadsheets can be found in the Electronic Docket at regulations.gov; search for "EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0472-11604," and see the documents with IDs EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0472-11604.1 through EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0472-11604.77
• EPA Staff Technical Report: Cost and Effectiveness Estimates of Technologies Used to Reduce Light-Duty Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Emissions (PDF) (82 pp, 883K, EPA420-F-08-008, March 2008)
• Report: A Study of Potential Effectiveness of Carbon Dioxide Reducing Vehicle Technologies. This report, prepared for EPA by the engineering firm Ricardo under subcontract to Perrin Quarles Associates, Inc., provides a detailed assessment of the carbon dioxide emissions reduction potential of a large number of conventional vehicle technology packages. Also included is a peer review of the report, as well as a presentation given by EPA to the National Research Council's Committee on Fuel Economy of Light-Duty Vehicles, which provides contextual background for this report.
  • Revised Full Report (126 pp, EPA420-R-08-004a, June 2008)
  • Peer Review (34 pp, EPA420-S-08-002, January 2008)
• Indirect Cost Multipliers:
  • Automobile Industry Retail Price Equivalent and Indirect Cost Multipliers (PDF) (71 pp, 1.02MB, EPA-420-R-09-003, February 2009)
  • Peer Review for the RTI Report, Automobile Industry Retail Price Equivalent and Indirect Cost Multipliers (PDF) (40 pp, 432K, EPA-420-R-09-004, June 2009)

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