Conventional wisdom suggests that modern American conservatism was born in the 1950's, with Russell Kirk, William F. Buckley and National Review. But more recent work indicates we should reach back further in our history for the roots of modern American conservatism--perhaps to the 1930's with Herbert Hoover's response to the New Deal, or to the 1920's with Calvin Coolidge. Two sessions will investigate the roots of modern American conservatism and the implications for conservatism today, as well as a look forward to examine the future of modern American conservatism.