Format

Send to

Choose Destination
Am J Med Genet A. 2016 Mar;170(3):670-5. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37476. Epub 2016 Feb 3.

Clinical delineation of the PACS1-related syndrome--Report on 19 patients.

Author information

1
Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
2
Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, and Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
3
Wessex Clinical Genetics Services, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
4
Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
5
Clinical Genetics, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas.
6
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
7
Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
8
Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
9
Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
10
Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
11
The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
12
Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
13
Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
14
Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
15
Southwest Thames Regional Genetics Centre, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
16
MVZ Endokrinologikum Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
17
Department of Clinical Genetics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
18
NIMgenetics, Madrid, Spain.
19
School of Medicine, European University of Madrid, Spain.
20
Neuropediatric Department, "Quiron" University Hospital, Spain.
21
Consultant, Cook Children's Physician Network.
22
Child & family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
23
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, B.C. Children's & Women's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
24
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics (TIDE-BC), Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
25
Child and family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
26
Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
27
The Centre for Applied Genomics, Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
28
Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
29
Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
30
Centre for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
31
Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Abstract

We report on 19 individuals with a recurrent de novo c.607C>T mutation in PACS1. This specific mutation gives rise to a recognizable intellectual disability syndrome. There is a distinctive facial appearance (19/19), characterized by full and arched eyebrows, hypertelorism with downslanting palpebral fissures, long eye lashes, ptosis, low set and simple ears, bulbous nasal tip, wide mouth with downturned corners and a thin upper lip with an unusual "wavy" profile, flat philtrum, and diastema of the teeth. Intellectual disability, ranging from mild to moderate, was present in all. Hypotonia is common in infancy (8/19). Seizures are frequent (12/19) and respond well to anticonvulsive medication. Structural malformations are common, including heart (10/19), brain (12/16), eye (10/19), kidney (3/19), and cryptorchidism (6/12 males). Feeding dysfunction is presenting in infancy with failure to thrive (5/19), gastroesophageal reflux (6/19), and gastrostomy tube placement (4/19). There is persistence of oral motor dysfunction. We provide suggestions for clinical work-up and management and hope that the present study will facilitate clinical recognition of further cases.

KEYWORDS:

PACS1; case series; clinical features; intellectual disability; mutation hotspot; recurrent mutation; syndrome

PMID:
26842493
DOI:
10.1002/ajmg.a.37476
[Indexed for MEDLINE]

Supplemental Content

Full text links

Icon for Wiley
Loading ...
Support Center