World Development Report 2018

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Main Messages

• Schooling is not the same as learning.
• Schooling without learning is not just a wasted opportunity, but a great injustice.
  
• There is nothing inevitable about low learning in low- and middle-income countries.
  

The Three Dimensions of the Learning Crisis

The crisis has three main dimensions:

1. The first dimension of the crisis is the poor learning outcomes themselves.
2. The second dimension of the learning crisis is its immediate causes:
   
   • Children arrive unprepared to learn.
     
   • Teachers often lack the skills or motivation to teach effectively.
     
   • Inputs often fail to reach classrooms or to affect learning.
     
   • Poor management and governance often undermine schooling quality.
     
3. The third dimension of the crisis is its deeper systemic causes.
   

The Three Policy Actions to Address the Crisis

1. Assess learning, to make it a serious goal.
2. Act on evidence, to make schools work for learners.
3. Align actors, to make the system work for learning.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

In Depth

			Overviews: English | Español | Français
			Part I: Education’s promise Chapter 1: Schooling, learning, and the promise of education
			Part II: The learning crisis
			Chapter 2: The great schooling expansion—and those it has left behind Spotlight 1: The biology of learning Chapter 3: The many faces of the learning crisis Spotlight 2: Poverty hinders biological development and undermines learning Chapter 4: To take learning seriously, start by measuring it Spotlight 3: The multidimensionality of skills
			Part III: Innovations and evidence for learning
			Spotlight 4: Learning about learning Chapter 5: There is no learning without prepared, motivated learners Chapter 6: Teacher skills and motivation both matter (though many education systems act like they don’t) Chapter 7: Everything else should strengthen the teacher-learner interaction Chapter 8: Build on foundations by linking skills training to jobs Spotlight 5: Technology is changing the world of work: What does that mean for learning?
			Part IV: Making the system work for learning at scale
			Chapter 9: Education systems are misaligned with learning Spotlight 6: Spending more or spending better—or both? Chapter 10: Unhealthy politics drives misalignments Chapter 11: How to escape low-learning traps

Related Links

• WDR 2018 Core Team
• WDR 2018 Background Papers
• WDR 2018 Data Package
• WDR 2018 Blogs
• WDR 2018 Press Release:  English |  عربي | Español | Français | Português | Pусский | 中文 | 日本語
• World Development Reports