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Jens Hainmueller
Professor of Political Science and, by courtesy, of Political Economics at the Graduate School of Business
Bio
Jens Hainmueller is a Professor in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University and holds a courtesy appointment in the Stanford Graduate School of Business. He is also the Faculty Co-Director of the Stanford Immigration Policy Lab that is focused on the design and evaluation of immigration and integration policies and programs.
His research interests include immigration, statistical methods, political economy, and political behavior. He has published over 40 articles, many of them in top general science journals and top field journals in political science, statistics, economics, and business. He has also published three open source software packages and his research has received awards and funding from the Carnegie Corporation, the Russell Sage Foundation, the Robin Hood Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Swiss SNF, the American Political Science Association, Schmidt Futures, the Society of Political Methodology, the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the Midwest Political Science Association.
Hainmueller received his PhD from Harvard University and also studied at the London School of Economics, Brown University, and the University of Tübingen. Before joining Stanford, he served on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Administrative Appointments
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Faculty Associate, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University (2009 - Present)
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Faculty Fellow, Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, University College London (2013 - Present)
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Faculty Affiliate, Stanford Europe Center (2014 - Present)
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Founder and Faculty Co-Director, Stanford Immigration and Integration Policy Lab (2014 - Present)
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Associate Professor (by courtesy), Graduate School of Business, Stanford University (2014 - Present)
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Associate Professor (with tenure), Department of Political Science, Stanford University (2014 - Present)
Honors & Awards
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McCloy Scholarship, German Merit Foundation (Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes) (2003 - 2005)
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Bok Center Awards for Distinguished Teaching (received twice), Harvard University
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Senator Charles Sumner Prize, Harvard Faculty (2009)
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Gosnell Prize for Excellence in Political Methodology, Society of Political Methodology (2007)
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Robert H. Durr Award, Midwest Political Science Association (2008)
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Award for Best Paper on the study of labor in politics, American Political Science Association (2012)
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Robert H. Durr Award, Midwest Political Science Association (2012)
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Award for Best Paper on the study of elections, public opinion, and voting behavior, American Political Science Association (2013)
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Warren Miller Prize, Society of Political Methodology (2013)
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Editors' Choice Award, Political Analysis (2014)
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Emerging Scholar Award, Society of Political Methodology (2014)
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Warren Miller Prize, Society of Political Methodology (2015)
Boards, Advisory Committees, Professional Organizations
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Associate Editor, Journal of Causal Inference (2015 - Present)
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Associate Editor, Political Analysis (2014 - Present)
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Editorial Board Member, Political Science Research and Methods (2014)
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Editorial Board Member, Political Analysis (2014)
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Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Political Science (2014)
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Editorial Board Member, Journal of Causal Inference (2014)
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Editorial Board Member, Observational Studies (2015 - Present)
Professional Education
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Ph.D., Harvard University, Government (2009)
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M.P.A., Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government, Master of Public Administration (2005)
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M.Sc., London School of Economics, International Political Economy (2003)
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B.A. (Zwischenprüfung), Tubingen University, Major: Political Science; Minors: Economics and Public Law (2001)
2018-19 Courses
- Political Methodology I: Regression
POLISCI 450A (Aut) - Political Methodology II: Causal Inference
POLISCI 450B (Win) -
Independent Studies (7)
- Advanced Individual Study in Political Methodology
POLISCI 359 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Reading and Research in Comparative Politics
POLISCI 249 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Reading and Research in Comparative Politics
POLISCI 349 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Reading and Research in International Relations
POLISCI 219 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Reading and Research in Political Methodology
POLISCI 259 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Reading in International Relations
POLISCI 319 (Aut, Win, Spr, Sum) - Directed Readings in Public Policy
PUBLPOL 298 (Aut, Win)
- Advanced Individual Study in Political Methodology
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Prior Year Courses
2017-18 Courses
- Political Methodology II: Causal Inference
POLISCI 450B (Win) - Political Methodology III: Model-Based Inference
POLISCI 450C (Spr)
2015-16 Courses
- Causal Inference for Social Science
POLISCI 150C, POLISCI 355C (Spr) - Political Methodology I: Regression
POLISCI 350A (Aut) - Political Methodology II: Causal Inference
POLISCI 350B (Win)
- Political Methodology II: Causal Inference
All Publications
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Multidimensional measure of immigrant integration.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2018
Abstract
The successful integration of immigrants into a host country's society, economy, and polity has become a major issue for policymakers in recent decades. Scientific progress in the study of immigrant integration has been hampered by the lack of a common measure of integration, which would allow for the accumulation of knowledge through comparison across studies, countries, and time. To address this fundamental problem, we propose the Immigration Policy Lab (IPL) Integration Index as a pragmatic and multidimensional measure of immigrant integration. The measure, both in the 12-item short form (IPL-12) and the 24-item long form (IPL-24), captures six dimensions of integration: psychological, economic, political, social, linguistic, and navigational. The measure can be used across countries, over time, and across different immigrant groups and can be administered through short questionnaires available in different modes. We report on four surveys we conducted to evaluate the empirical performance of our measure. The tests reveal that the measure distinguishes among immigrant groups with different expected levels of integration and also correlates with well-established predictors of integration.
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1808793115
View details for PubMedID 30348786
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Determinants of refugee naturalization in the United States
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
2018; 115 (37): 9175–80
Abstract
The United States operates the world's largest refugee resettlement program. However, there is almost no systematic evidence on whether refugees successfully integrate into American society over the long run. We address this gap by drawing on linked administrative data to directly measure a long-term integration outcome: naturalization rates. Assessing the full population of refugees resettled between 2000 and 2010, we find that refugees naturalize at high rates: 66% achieved citizenship by 2015. This rate is substantially higher than among other immigrants who became eligible for citizenship during the same period. We also find significant heterogeneity in naturalization rates. Consistent with the literature on immigration more generally, sociodemographic characteristics condition the likelihood of naturalization. Women, refugees with longer residency, and those with higher education levels are more likely to obtain citizenship. National origins also matter. While refugees from Iran, Iraq, and Somalia naturalize at higher rates, those from Burma, Ukraine, Vietnam, and Liberia naturalize at lower rates. We also find naturalization success is significantly shaped by the initial resettlement location. Placing refugees in areas that are urban, have lower rates of unemployment, and have a larger share of conationals increases the likelihood of acquiring citizenship. These findings suggest pathways to promote refugee integration by targeting interventions and by optimizing the geographic placement of refugees.
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1802711115
View details for Web of Science ID 000444257200052
View details for PubMedID 30150381
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC6140527
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The long-term impact of employment bans on the economic integration of refugees.
Science advances
2018; 4 (9): eaap9519
Abstract
Many European countries impose employment bans that prevent asylum seekers from entering the local labor market for a certain waiting period upon arrival. We provide evidence on the long-term effects of these employment bans on the subsequent economic integration of refugees. We leverage a natural experiment in Germany, where a court ruling prompted a reduction in the length of the employment ban. We find that, 5 years after the waiting period was reduced, employment rates were about 20 percentage points lower for refugees who, upon arrival, had to wait for an additional 7 months before they were allowed to enter the labor market. It took up to 10 years for this employment gap to disappear. Our findings suggest that longer employment bans considerably slowed down the economic integration of refugees and reduced their motivation to integrate early on after arrival. A marginal social cost analysis for the study sample suggests that this employment ban cost German taxpayers about 40 million euros per year, on average, in terms of welfare expenditures and foregone tax revenues from unemployed refugees.
View details for DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aap9519
View details for PubMedID 30255139
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A randomized controlled design reveals barriers to citizenship for low-income immigrants
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
2018; 115 (5): 939–44
Abstract
Citizenship endows legal protections and is associated with economic and social gains for immigrants and their communities. In the United States, however, naturalization rates are relatively low. Yet we lack reliable knowledge as to what constrains immigrants from applying. Drawing on data from a public/private naturalization program in New York, this research provides a randomized controlled study of policy interventions that address these constraints. The study tested two programmatic interventions among low-income immigrants who are eligible for citizenship. The first randomly assigned a voucher that covers the naturalization application fee among immigrants who otherwise would have to pay the full cost of the fee. The second randomly assigned a set of behavioral nudges, similar to outreach efforts used by service providers, among immigrants whose incomes were low enough to qualify them for a federal waiver that eliminates the application fee. Offering the fee voucher increased naturalization application rates by about 41%, suggesting that application fees act as a barrier for low-income immigrants who want to become US citizens. The nudges to encourage the very poor to apply had no discernible effect, indicating the presence of nonfinancial barriers to naturalization.
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1714254115
View details for Web of Science ID 000423728800047
View details for PubMedID 29339470
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC5798346
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Improving refugee integration through data-driven algorithmic assignment
SCIENCE
2018; 359 (6373): 325–28
Abstract
Developed democracies are settling an increased number of refugees, many of whom face challenges integrating into host societies. We developed a flexible data-driven algorithm that assigns refugees across resettlement locations to improve integration outcomes. The algorithm uses a combination of supervised machine learning and optimal matching to discover and leverage synergies between refugee characteristics and resettlement sites. The algorithm was tested on historical registry data from two countries with different assignment regimes and refugee populations, the United States and Switzerland. Our approach led to gains of roughly 40 to 70%, on average, in refugees' employment outcomes relative to current assignment practices. This approach can provide governments with a practical and cost-efficient policy tool that can be immediately implemented within existing institutional structures.
View details for DOI 10.1126/science.aao4408
View details for Web of Science ID 000423236700038
View details for PubMedID 29348237
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The Number of Choice Tasks and Survey Satisficing in Conjoint Experiments
POLITICAL ANALYSIS
2018; 26 (1): 112–19
View details for DOI 10.1017/pan.2017.40
View details for Web of Science ID 000423720300008
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Improving environmental practices in agricultural supply chains: The role of company-led standards
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
2018; 48: 32–42
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.10.006
View details for Web of Science ID 000429399000004
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Europeans support a proportional allocation of asylum seekers
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
2017; 1 (7)
View details for DOI 10.1038/s41562-017-0133
View details for Web of Science ID 000418779800012
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Catalyst or Crown: Does Naturalization Promote the Long-Term Social Integration of Immigrants?
AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW
2017; 111 (2): 256-276
View details for DOI 10.1017/S0003055416000745
View details for Web of Science ID 000399983400003
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Providing driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants in California improves traffic safety
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
2017; 114 (16): 4111-4116
Abstract
The integration of immigrants presents a major challenge for policymakers in the United States. In an effort to improve integration, several US states recently have implemented laws that provide driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants. These new laws have sparked widespread debate, but we lack evidence on the traffic safety impact of these policies. We examine the short-term effects of the largest-scale policy shift, California's Assembly Bill 60 (AB60), under which more than 600,000 licenses were issued in the first year of implementation in 2015 alone. We find that, contrary to concerns voiced by opponents of the law, AB60 has had no discernible short-term effect on the number of accidents. The law primarily allowed existing unlicensed drivers to legalize their driving. We also find that, although AB60 had no effect on the rate of fatal accidents, it did decrease the rate of hit and run accidents, suggesting that the policy reduced fears of deportation and vehicle impoundment. Hit and run behaviors often delay emergency assistance, increase insurance premiums, and leave victims with significant out of pocket expenses. Overall, the results suggest that AB60 provides an example of how states can facilitate the integration of immigrants while creating positive externalities for the communities in which they live.
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1618991114
View details for Web of Science ID 000399387400047
View details for PubMedID 28373538
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Does Lean Improve Labor Standards? Management and Social Performance in the Nike Supply Chain
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
2017; 63 (3): 707-728
View details for DOI 10.1287/mnsc.2015.2369
View details for Web of Science ID 000395813600007
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Expanding Prenatal Care to Unauthorized Immigrant Women and the Effects on Infant Health.
Obstetrics and gynecology
2017
Abstract
To measure the effect of access to prenatal care on unauthorized and low-income, new legal permanent resident immigrant women and their offspring.We used a difference-in-differences design that leverages the staggered rollout of Emergency Medicaid Plus by county from 2008 to 2013 as a natural experiment to estimate the effect on health service utilization for women and health outcomes for their infants. Regular Medicaid pregnancies were used as an additional control in a triple difference design.Our sample included pregnancies covered by Emergency Medicaid (35,182), Emergency Medicaid Plus (12,510), and Medicaid (166,054). After expansion of access to prenatal care, there was an increase in prenatal visits (7.2 more visits, 95% CI 6.45-7.96), receipt of adequate prenatal care (28% increased rate, CI 26-31), rates of diabetes screening (61% increased rate, CI 56-66), and fetal ultrasonograms (74% increased rate, CI 72-76). Maternal access to prenatal care was also associated with an increased number of well child visits (0.24 more visits, CI 0.07-0.41), increased rates of recommended screenings and vaccines (0.04 increased probability, CI 0.002-0.074), and reduced infant mortality (-1.01/1,000, CI -1.42 to -0.60) and rates of extremely low birth weight (less than 1,000 g) (-1.33/1,000, CI -2.44 to -0.21).Our results provide evidence of increased utilization and improved health outcomes for unauthorized immigrants and their children who are U.S. citizens after introduction of prenatal care expansion in Oregon. This study contributes to the debate around reauthorization of the Children's Health Insurance Program in 2017.
View details for DOI 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002275
View details for PubMedID 29016491
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How economic, humanitarian, and religious concerns shape European attitudes toward asylum seekers.
Science
2016; 354 (6309): 217-222
Abstract
What types of asylum seekers are Europeans willing to accept? We conducted a conjoint experiment asking 18,000 eligible voters in 15 European countries to evaluate 180,000 profiles of asylum seekers that randomly varied on nine attributes. Asylum seekers who have higher employability, have more consistent asylum testimonies and severe vulnerabilities, and are Christian rather than Muslim received the greatest public support. These results suggest that public preferences over asylum seekers are shaped by sociotropic evaluations of their potential economic contributions, humanitarian concerns about the deservingness of their claims, and anti-Muslim bias. These preferences are similar across respondents of different ages, education levels, incomes, and political ideologies, as well as across the surveyed countries. This public consensus on what types of asylum seekers to accept has important implications for theory and policy.
View details for PubMedID 27708060
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Do Lower Caseloads Improve the Performance of Public Employment Services? New Evidence from German Employment Offices
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
2016; 118 (4): 941-974
View details for DOI 10.1111/sjoe.12166
View details for Web of Science ID 000388302200012
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When lives are put on hold: Lengthy asylum processes decrease employment among refugees.
Science advances
2016; 2 (8)
Abstract
European governments are struggling with the biggest refugee crisis since World War II, but there exists little evidence regarding how the management of the asylum process affects the subsequent integration of refugees in the host country. We provide new causal evidence about how one central policy parameter, the length of time that refugees wait in limbo for a decision on their asylum claim, affects their subsequent economic integration. Exploiting exogenous variation in wait times and registry panel data covering refugees who applied in Switzerland between 1994 and 2004, we find that one additional year of waiting reduces the subsequent employment rate by 4 to 5 percentage points, a 16 to 23% drop compared to the average rate. This deleterious effect is remarkably stable across different subgroups of refugees stratified by gender, origin, age at arrival, and assigned language region, a pattern consistent with the idea that waiting in limbo dampens refugee employment through psychological discouragement, rather than a skill atrophy mechanism. Overall, our results suggest that marginally reducing the asylum waiting period can help reduce public expenditures and unlock the economic potential of refugees by increasing employment among this vulnerable population.
View details for DOI 10.1126/sciadv.1600432
View details for PubMedID 27493995
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC4972466
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Naturalization fosters the long-term political integration of immigrants
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
2015; 112 (41): 12651-12656
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1418794112
View details for Web of Science ID 000363130900036
View details for PubMedID 26417099
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Do concerns about labor market competition shape attitudes toward immigration? New evidence
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS
2015; 97 (1): 193-207
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.12.010
View details for Web of Science ID 000362156800014
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Assessing the External Validity of Election RD Estimates: An Investigation of the Incumbency Advantage
JOURNAL OF POLITICS
2015; 77 (3): 707-720
View details for DOI 10.1086/681238
View details for Web of Science ID 000355827900015
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The Hidden American Immigration Consensus: A Conjoint Analysis of Attitudes toward Immigrants
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
2015; 59 (3): 529-548
View details for DOI 10.1111/ajps.12138
View details for Web of Science ID 000357333200001
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CONSUMER DEMAND FOR FAIR TRADE: EVIDENCE FROM A MULTISTORE FIELD EXPERIMENT
REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
2015; 97 (2): 242-256
View details for DOI 10.1162/REST_a_00467
View details for Web of Science ID 000353506600002
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Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control Method
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
2015; 59 (2): 495-510
View details for DOI 10.1111/ajps.12116
View details for Web of Science ID 000352535000014
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Validating vignette and conjoint survey experiments against real-world behavior.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2015; 112 (8): 2395-2400
Abstract
Survey experiments, like vignette and conjoint analyses, are widely used in the social sciences to elicit stated preferences and study how humans make multidimensional choices. However, there is a paucity of research on the external validity of these methods that examines whether the determinants that explain hypothetical choices made by survey respondents match the determinants that explain what subjects actually do when making similar choices in real-world situations. This study compares results from conjoint and vignette analyses on which immigrant attributes generate support for naturalization with closely corresponding behavioral data from a natural experiment in Switzerland, where some municipalities used referendums to decide on the citizenship applications of foreign residents. Using a representative sample from the same population and the official descriptions of applicant characteristics that voters received before each referendum as a behavioral benchmark, we find that the effects of the applicant attributes estimated from the survey experiments perform remarkably well in recovering the effects of the same attributes in the behavioral benchmark. We also find important differences in the relative performances of the different designs. Overall, the paired conjoint design, where respondents evaluate two immigrants side by side, comes closest to the behavioral benchmark; on average, its estimates are within 2% percentage points of the effects in the behavioral benchmark.
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.1416587112
View details for PubMedID 25646415
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On the Validity of the Regression Discontinuity Design for Estimating Electoral Effects: New Evidence from Over 40,000 Close Races
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
2015; 59 (1): 259-274
View details for DOI 10.1111/ajps.12127
View details for Web of Science ID 000347897800016
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Preferences for International Redistribution: The Divide over the Eurozone Bailouts
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
2014; 58 (4): 835-856
View details for DOI 10.1111/ajps.12079
View details for Web of Science ID 000343869800005
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Public Attitudes Toward Immigration
ANNUAL REVIEW OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, VOL 17
2014; 17: 225-249
View details for DOI 10.1146/annurev-polisci-102512-194818
View details for Web of Science ID 000340195300012
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Political Capital: Corporate Connections and Stock Investments in the US Congress, 2004-2008
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
2014; 9 (2): 169-202
View details for DOI 10.1561/100.00013077
View details for Web of Science ID 000341701500002
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Causal Inference in Conjoint Analysis: Understanding Multidimensional Choices via Stated Preference Experiments
POLITICAL ANALYSIS
2014; 22 (1): 1-30
View details for DOI 10.1093/pan/mpt024
View details for Web of Science ID 000330450300001
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ebalance: A Stata Package for Entropy Balancing
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
2013; 54 (7)
View details for Web of Science ID 000324371500001
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Capitol Losses: The Mediocre Performance of Congressional Stock Portfolios
JOURNAL OF POLITICS
2013; 75 (2): 535-551
View details for DOI 10.1017/S0022381613000194
View details for Web of Science ID 000331761400032
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Who Gets a Swiss Passport? A Natural Experiment in Immigrant Discrimination
AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW
2013; 107 (1): 159-187
View details for DOI 10.1017/S0003055412000494
View details for Web of Science ID 000315340600009
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Entropy Balancing for Causal Effects: A Multivariate Reweighting Method to Produce Balanced Samples in Observational Studies
POLITICAL ANALYSIS
2012; 20 (1): 25-46
View details for DOI 10.1093/pan/mpr025
View details for Web of Science ID 000299348300002
- Voter Attitudes towards High- and Low-Skilled Immigrants: Evidence from Survey Experiments Immigration and Public Opinion in Liberal Democracies edited by Freeman, G. P., Hansen, R., Leal, D. L. Routledge Research in Comparative Politics. 2012
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How Lasting Is Voter Gratitude? An Analysis of the Short- and Long-Term Electoral Returns to Beneficial Policy
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
2011; 55 (4): 851-867
View details for DOI 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00533.x
View details for Web of Science ID 000296029900009
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Synth: An R Package for Synthetic Control Methods in Comparative Case Studies
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE
2011; 42 (13): 1-17
View details for Web of Science ID 000292098300001
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Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
2010; 105 (490): 493-505
View details for DOI 10.1198/jasa.2009.ap08746
View details for Web of Science ID 000280216700005
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Attitudes toward Highly Skilled and Low-skilled Immigration: Evidence from a Survey Experiment
AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW
2010; 104 (1): 61-84
View details for DOI 10.1017/S0003055409990372
View details for Web of Science ID 000276532500004
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Opium for the Masses: How Foreign Media Can Stabilize Authoritarian Regimes
POLITICAL ANALYSIS
2009; 17 (4): 377-399
View details for DOI 10.1093/pan/mpp017
View details for Web of Science ID 000270711000003
- MPs for Sale: Estimating Returns to Office in Post-War British Politics American Political Science Review 2009; 103 (4): 513-533
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Incumbency as a source of spillover effects in mixed electoral systems: Evidence from a regression-discontinuity design
ELECTORAL STUDIES
2008; 27 (2): 213-227
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.electstud.2007.10.006
View details for Web of Science ID 000256512500002
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Phylogenetic analysis and structural predictions of human adenovirus penton proteins as a basis for tissue-specific adenovirus vector design
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
2007; 81 (15): 8270-8281
Abstract
The penton base is a major capsid protein of human adenoviruses (HAdV) which forms the vertices of the capsid and interacts with hexon and fiber protein. Two hypervariable loops of the penton are exposed on the capsid surface. Sequences of these and 300 adjacent amino acid residues of all 51 HAdV and closely related simian adenoviruses were studied. Adjacent sequences and predicted overall secondary structure were conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering corresponding to the HAdV species and recombination events in the origin of HAdV prototypes. All HAdV except serotypes 40 and 41 of species F exhibited an integrin binding RGD motif in the second loop. The lengths of the loops (HVR1 and RGD loops) varied significantly between HAdV species with the longest RGD loop observed in species C and the longest HVR1 in species B. Long loops may permit the insertion of motifs that modify tissue tropism. Genetic analysis of HAdV prime strain p17'H30, a neutralization variant of HAdV-D17, indicated the significance of nonhexon neutralization epitopes for HAdV immune escape. Fourteen highly conserved motifs of the penton base were analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis of HAdV-D8 and tested for sustained induction of early cytopathic effects. Thus, three new motifs essential for penton base function were identified additionally to the RGD site, which interacts with a secondary cellular receptor responsible for internalization. Therefore, our penton primary structure data and secondary structure modeling in combination with the recently published fiber knob sequences may permit the rational design of tissue-specific adenoviral vectors.
View details for DOI 10.1128/JVI.00048-07
View details for Web of Science ID 000248027400045
View details for PubMedID 17522221
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Educated preferences: Explaining attitudes toward immigration in Europe
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
2007; 61 (2): 399-442
View details for DOI 10.1017/S0020818307070142
View details for Web of Science ID 000246124500006
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Learning to love globalization: Education and individual attitudes toward international trade
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
2006; 60 (2): 469-498
View details for DOI 10.1017/S0020818306060140
View details for Web of Science ID 000237364900006
- Wahlkreisarbeit zahlt sich doppelt aus - Zur Wirkung des Amtsinhaberstatus einer Partei auf ihren Zweitstimmenanteil bei den Bundestagswahlen 1949 bis 1998 Jahrbuch fur Handlungs- und Entscheidungstheorie edited by Brauninger, T., Behnke, J. Wiesbaden: Verlag fur Sozialwissenschaft. 2006: 11–47
- Electoral Balancing, Divided Government, and Midterm Loss in German Elections Journal of Legislative Studies 2006; 12 (2): 127-149
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Why do Europeans fly safer? The politics of airport security in Europe and the US
Central-and-East-European-International-Studies-Association Convention (CEEISA/ISA)
ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. 2003: 1–36
View details for DOI 10.1080/09546550390449863
View details for Web of Science ID 000222151700001