Responsible Conduct of Research
Responsible conduct of research applies to all researchers and research staff engaged in scholarly research. While written with all researchers in mind, special consideration has been given to the needs of students and postdoctoral scholars. The education of students at all levels includes appropriate training and oversight in the responsible and ethical conduct of research. The University expects that every academic program and each research advisor/mentor will do their part to assure that students/trainees receive appropriate guidance in such areas as research integrity, data acquisition and management, authorship, research collaborations, conflicts of interest, and others as appropriate.
National Academy of Sciences, On Being a Scientist (1995)
The scientific research enterprise, like other human activities, is built on a foundation of trust. Scientists trust that the results reported by others are valid. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists to describe the world accurately and without bias. The level of trust that has characterized science and its relationship with society has contributed to a period of unparalleled scientific productivity. But this trust will endure only if the scientific community devotes itself to exemplifying and transmitting the values associated with ethical scientific conduct.
University Policies
Stanford University provides information and resources as part of its commitment to the responsible and ethical conduct of research. Some of these are linked here.
University policies (from the Research Policy Handbook)
Principles Concerning Research
Research Misconduct: Allegations, Investigations, and Reporting
Retention of and Access to Research Data
Fiscal Responsibilities of Principal Investigators
Faculty Policy on Conflict of Commitment and Interest
In addition, The University Code of Conduct is applicable to all faculty, staff, and students at Stanford University.
Regulatory Training Requirements
Two of the largest US sponsors of research have established regulatory requirements in this regard. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has long required Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) education for anyone funded on their training grants. More recently, the National Science Foundation (NSF) has established an RCR training requirement for students at any level funded by that agency.
The NIH requires that all applications for Institutional National Research Service Award (NRSA) Research Training Grants (T32, T34) include a description of a program to provide instruction in the responsible conduct of research (see regulations). Completion of the Med 225 class satisfies the NIH requirement for training in the responsible conduct of research.
The National Science Foundation requires that, at the time of proposal submission, the institution has a plan to provide appropriate RCR training and oversight to all students (undergraduates, graduate, and postdoctoral scholars) who will be supported by NSF to conduct research.
Completion of the CITI RCR series, or one of the Stanford Courses identified as an RCR Training, satisfies the NSF requirement for training in the responsible conduct of research.
Resources
Several academic units within Stanford focus on the study of ethics, including ethical issues in the conduct of research. Two are linked here:
- Center for Ethics in Society (within the School of Humanities and Sciences)
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics (within the School of Medicine)
Other Stanford resources
- Stanford Honor Code
- Guidelines for Advising Relationships between Faculty Advisors and Graduate Students
- Tips for Managing Conflicts of Interest
The booklet On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research, second edition, is available at no cost from the National Academies Press.
The HHS Office of Research Integrity has posted a new responsible conduct of research casebook. The teaching resource features cases organized on the following topics: authorship and publication, research misconduct, collaboration, data acquisition and management, conflicts of interest, peer review, mentor and trainee relationships, and social responsibility.
