C-SPAN

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C-SPAN
Launched	March 19, 1979 (C-SPAN) June 2, 1986 (C-SPAN2) January 22, 2001 (C-SPAN3)
Owned by	National Cable Satellite Corporation
Picture format	480i
Slogan	Created by Cable. Offered as a Public Service.
Country	United States
Language	English
Broadcast area	National
Headquarters	Capitol Hill Washington, D.C.
Sister channel(s)	C-SPAN2 C-SPAN3 C-SPAN Radio
Website	C-SPAN.org
Availability
Terrestrial
WCSP-FM/HD (C-SPAN Radio)	90.1 FM / HD Radio (in and around the Washington, D.C. / Baltimore area)
Satellite
Direct TV	350 C-SPAN 351 C-SPAN2 C-SPAN3 not available
Dish Network	210 C-SPAN 212 C-SPAN2 C-SPAN3 not available
Cable
Available on most cable systems	Check local listings for channels
Satellite Radio
XM	132
IPTV over ADSL
Verizon FiOs	109 C-SPAN 110 C-SPAN2 111 C-SPAN3
Internet Television
Available free to all internet users	C-SPAN.org (Live and On Demand)

C-SPAN (pronounced /si.spæn/, see-span; officially, the Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network) is an American cable television network dedicated to airing non-stop coverage of government proceedings and public affairs programming. C-SPAN does not accept advertising from external entities, and the only commercials are for its own shows or videos for sale from their website.

In addition to C-SPAN Radio and the C-SPAN website, C-SPAN is made up of three television channels:

• C-SPAN features uninterrupted live coverage of the House of Representatives. Also airs Washington Journal live every morning.
• C-SPAN2 features uninterrupted live coverage of the Senate and airs Book TV on weekends (branded Book TV on C-SPAN2).
• C-SPAN3 features other uninterrupted live special events and airs a large amount of archived historical programming branded as C-SPAN3 History.

All three channels also air events such as Presidential press conferences and speeches, as well as other government meetings such as Federal Communications Commission hearings and Pentagon press conferences. State events such as the recent Illinois Senate trial of former Governor Rod Blagojevich was simulcast from Illinois' state public affairs channel. Other state events include Governors' State of the State addresses. International events such as British House of Commons meetings are from The UK's BBC Parliament, and Canadian government events and shows from Canada's CPAC are also occasionally aired. Several non-government public affairs events are also featured. Channel usage for all of these events vary by date depending on availability.

The bulk of C-SPAN's operations are located on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., but they also maintain archives in West Lafayette, Indiana at the Purdue Research Park under the direction of Professor Robert X. Browning.

[edit] History

Brian Lamb, C-SPAN's chairman and CEO, conceived of C-SPAN while working at Cablevision, a cable industry trade magazine, as their Washington D.C. bureau chief. C-SPAN was created as a cable-industry financed, non-profit network for televising sessions of the U.S. Congress and other public affairs event and policy discussions. Bob Rosencrans, a cable industry pioneer, was alone in providing the initial seed funding of $25,000 to start up C-SPAN.^[1] It receives no funding from any government source, has no contract with the government, and does not sell sponsorships or advertising. It strives for neutrality and a lack of bias in its public affairs programming.

C-SPAN first went on the air on March 19, 1979, broadcasting a speech by then-congressman Al Gore. C-SPAN2, a spin-off network, covers all live sessions of the U.S. Senate and went on the air on June 2, 1986, with the original channel then focusing on the House. The latest spin-off, C-SPAN3, began broadcasting on January 22, 2001, and shows other government-related live events along with historical programming from C-SPAN's archives.

On October 9, 1997, C-SPAN launched C-SPAN Radio, which broadcasts on WCSP 90.1 FM in Washington, D.C.. The radio station, which is also available on XM and was on Sirius satellite radio from 2002-2006, covers similar events as its sister TV networks, often simulcasting their programming.

All three video channels, plus the radio channel, are globally available through streaming media via the C-SPAN web site. Additionally, some programs are archived on the Internet for weeks or for longer times.

On February 12, 2003, C-SPAN launched the Amos B. Hostetter Distance Learning Program with the University of Denver. Steve Scully, Political Editor and Chair of Communication, instructs the course from the C-SPAN center in Washington, D.C. and features prominent guests in politics and journalism who can field questions live to students in Denver over 1,500 miles away. Soon after, the program was also expanded to Pace University in New York.

C-SPAN also provides unedited, commercial-free coverage of campaign events, both on its weekly "Road to the White House" program and at its dedicated politics website, C-SPAN Politics. This political event footage is often used to substantiate opinion articles elsewhere on the internet.

[edit] Organization

Uncommonly for a television network, C-SPAN is operated as a non-profit organization by the National Cable Satellite Corporation, whose board of directors consists primarily of representatives of the largest cable companies. C-SPAN accepts no advertising; instead, it receives nearly all its funding from subscriber fees charged to cable and DBS operators. Contrary to popular perception, C-SPAN receives no funding from government sources.

[edit] Coverage

In addition to live coverage of House and Senate proceedings and local and general elections, the three channels air government hearings, press conferences and meetings of various political, media, and non-profit organizations; book discussions, interviews, and occasionally proceedings of the Parliament of Canada, Parliament of the United Kingdom (usually Prime Minister's Questions and the State Opening of Parliament) and other governments when they discuss matters of importance to viewers in the U.S. Similarly, the networks will sometimes carry news reports from around the world when major events occur — for instance, they carried CBC Television coverage of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Newscasts and other broadcasts in foreign languages are dubbed into English. C-SPAN also carries CBC coverage during events that impact Canadians, such as the Canadian federal elections, the death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau, and the 2003 North America blackout.

C-SPAN has submitted requests to air live United States Supreme Court proceedings, but has always been denied camera access. However, the network has aired audio tapes of the Court in session on significant cases and has covered individual Supreme Court Justices' speaking engagements.

C-SPAN is the only cable channel that covers the Republican, Libertarian, and Democratic presidential nominating convention in their entirety. Following the deaths of Ronald Reagan in 2004, Rosa Parks in 2005 and Gerald Ford in 2006, C-SPAN featured live, uninterrupted coverage of the visitors who came to the Capitol Rotunda to pay their final respects. The network also provided coverage of Lady Bird Johnson's funeral in Stonewall, Texas. In 2008, C-SPAN gave coverage of Hurricane Gustav through New Orleans' NBC affiliate, WDSU, as well as Hurricane Ike coverage via Houston's CBS affiliate, KHOU.

Additionally, C-SPAN simulcasts NASA Space Shuttle mission launches and landings live, using the footage and audio from NASA TV.

[edit] C-SPAN and the Internet

All of C-SPAN's live feeds are streamed free of charge on its World Wide Web site in both Real Media and Windows Media formats. Selected C-SPAN programs are archived for the general public on its website for at least two weeks, while others remain permanently accessible. C-SPAN has exclusive rights to all recordings and may charge from $30 to $45 for DVD copies of programs.^[2]

In August 2007, C-SPAN unveiled a new "C-SPAN Video Library" webpage,^[3] which will eventually provide free access to all of its past programs--including Congressional proceedings, hyperlinked to corresponding Congressional Record entries--that are not otherwise subject to copyright. In August 2008, C-SPAN announced that an embeddable video player would be part of a "convention hub" website that will track convention coverage by bloggers and social media.^[4]

[edit] C-SPAN and Copyright

On March 7, 2007 C-SPAN liberalized its copyright policy for current, future, and past coverage of any official events sponsored by Congress and any federal agency and now allows for non-commercial copying, sharing, and posting of C-SPAN video on the Internet, with attribution.^[5]

Prior to this change, C-SPAN engaged in numerous actions to stop parties from making unauthorized uses of their content online including cases where the footage is the House and Senate proceedings. For example, Dem Bloggers received a take down request for clips they had posted.^[6] In May 2006, C-SPAN requested the removal of the Stephen Colbert performance at the White House Correspondent's Dinner from YouTube while allowing it to remain on Google Video,^[7] causing concern from web bloggers.^[8]

Websites such as metavid and voterwatch.org make House and Senate video records freely available. C-SPAN contested metavid usage of C-SPAN video which resulted in metavid taking down portions of the archive which were produced with C-SPAN's cameras while maintaining an archive of government produced content.^[9]

On December 14, 2006 C-SPAN wrote an open letter to Speaker Designate Nancy Pelosi requesting that floor proceedings be covered by C-SPAN cameras.^[10] The request was denied^[11]

[edit] Allegations of bias and other controversies

Despite its stated commitment to providing politically balanced programming, C-SPAN and its shows such as Washington Journal, Booknotes, Q & A, and Afterwords have been accused of having a conservative bias^[12]. C-SPAN's CEO Brian Lamb was a volunteer for Richard Nixon in the United States presidential election, 1968, and later worked as press secretary to Senator Peter H. Dominick (R-CO)^[13]. The liberal media criticism organization Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) released a study of C-SPAN's morning call-in show Washington Journal, showing that Republicans were favored as guests over Democrats by a two-to-one margin during a six-month period in 2005, and that people of color are underrepresented.^[14] FAIR and critics including guests^[15] have also charged that the shows Booknotes and Afterwords highlight more conservative authors than liberals^[16], and that guests are paired unequally. When Washington Post ombudsman Geneva Overholser appeared as a guest, she asked, "Do you typically have a conservative and then somebody who is just a journalist? Is that the typical match-up?”^[17]

In 2005, the left-leaning media watchdog group Media Matters for America objected that C-SPAN2 booked L. Brent Bozell, head of the right-leaning Media Research Center, to interview former CBS producer Mary Mapes on After Words about the Killian documents controversy that flared during the United States presidential election, 2004.^[18]

A separate controversy occurred in 2004, when C-SPAN planned to broadcast a speech by Holocaust historian Deborah Lipstadt paired with a speech by Holocaust denier David Irving. Irving unsuccessfully sued Lipstadt for libel in the United Kingdom in 2000. C-SPAN claimed airing Lipstadt's speech adjacently with Irving's would provide a "balance" of opinions. However, due to the uproar from outraged viewers, liberal groups, and Jewish organizations, C-SPAN canceled the broadcasts of both speeches.

[edit] Past chairmen

• Bob Rosencrans
• John Saeman
• Ed Allen
• Gene Schneider

[edit] Shows

• After Words
• America and the Courts
• Booknotes
• Road to the White House
• Q&A
• Washington Journal

[edit] Special Programs

• The White House: Inside America's Most Famous Home
• American Presidents (video series)
• Presidential Libraries (video series)
• Inside Blair House

[edit] See also

• BBC Parliament
• DD Lok Sabha
• CPAC
• A-PAC
• List of DirecTV channels
• List of Dish Network channels

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• The Official C-SPAN YouTube Channel
• Official StudentCam Site C-SPAN's annual student documentary contest.
• C-SPAN Classroom Educator Resources
• Booknotes
• BookTV
• "Parliament, Coverage by Television," The Museum of Broadcast Communications
• C-SPAN Q&A: Jimmy Wales, what is Wikipedia, Wikipedia Founder
• Washington Post column by Richard Cohen – Criticism of a C-SPAN decision to only air a speech by Holocaust scholar Deborah Lipstadt if the network also aired a speech by Holocaust denier David Irving.
• Failing at Its "No. 1 Goal" study by Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR) alleging lack of balance on Washington Journal, C-SPAN's morning viewer call-in program.
• Booknotes' Slanted Shelf – study by FAIR alleging lack of balance on Booknotes, C-SPAN's book review program.
• Tilting Rightward: C-SPAN's Coverage of Think Tanks from the Center for Economic and Policy Research