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Constance Chu, MD
Sports medicine surgeon
Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery (Sports Medicine) at the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Bio:
Dr. Constance R. Chu is Professor and Vice Chair Research, in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Stanford University. She is also Director of the Joint Preservation Center and Chief of Sports Medicine at the VA Palo Alto. Previously, she was the Albert Ferguson Endowed Chair and Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh. She is a clinician-scientist who is both principal investigator of several projects funded by the National Institutes of Health and who has been recognized as a Castle-Connelly/US News and World Report “Top Doctor” in Orthopedic Surgery as well as on Becker’s list of Top Knee Surgeons in the United States. Her clinical practice focuses on the knee: primarily restoration and reconstruction of the ACL, menisci and cartilage. She graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point and earned her medical degree from Harvard Medical School.
As Director of the multi-disciplinary Joint Preservation Center structured to seamlessly integrate the latest advances in biologics, mechanics, and imaging with comprehensive patient centered musculoskeletal and orthopedic care, Dr. Chu aims to develop a new model for health care delivery, research and education with an emphasis on health promotion and prevention. Cornerstones of this program include teamwork and a focus on personalized medicine. A central goal is to transform the clinical approach to osteoarthritis from palliation to prevention. In addition to optimizing clinical operations, outstanding research is critical to developing more effective new treatments. Towards this end, Dr. Chu is leading innovative translational research from bench to bedside in three main areas: quantitative imaging and biomarker development for early diagnosis and staging of joint and cartilage injury and degeneration; cartilage tissue engineering and stem cell based cartilage repair; and molecular and biological therapies for joint restoration and joint rejuvenation. Her research efforts have led to more than 30 professional awards and honors to include a Kappa Delta Award, considered to be the highest research honor in Orthopedic Surgery.
Dr. Chu also regularly holds leadership and committee positions in major professional organizations such as the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American Orthopedic Association (AOA). In her subspecialty of Orthopedic Sports Medicine, she is a past President of the Forum Sports Focus Group, a member of the Herodicus Society of leaders in Sports Medicine, and immediate past Chair of the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) Research Council. She is alumnus of the AOA American, British, Canadian (ABC) and the AOSSM Traveling Fellowships.
As Director of the multi-disciplinary Joint Preservation Center structured to seamlessly integrate the latest advances in biologics, mechanics, and imaging with comprehensive patient centered musculoskeletal and orthopedic care, Dr. Chu aims to develop a new model for health care delivery, research and education with an emphasis on health promotion and prevention. Cornerstones of this program include teamwork and a focus on personalized medicine. A central goal is to transform the clinical approach to osteoarthritis from palliation to prevention. In addition to optimizing clinical operations, outstanding research is critical to developing more effective new treatments. Towards this end, Dr. Chu is leading innovative translational research from bench to bedside in three main areas: quantitative imaging and biomarker development for early diagnosis and staging of joint and cartilage injury and degeneration; cartilage tissue engineering and stem cell based cartilage repair; and molecular and biological therapies for joint restoration and joint rejuvenation. Her research efforts have led to more than 30 professional awards and honors to include a Kappa Delta Award, considered to be the highest research honor in Orthopedic Surgery.
Dr. Chu also regularly holds leadership and committee positions in major professional organizations such as the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American Orthopedic Association (AOA). In her subspecialty of Orthopedic Sports Medicine, she is a past President of the Forum Sports Focus Group, a member of the Herodicus Society of leaders in Sports Medicine, and immediate past Chair of the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) Research Council. She is alumnus of the AOA American, British, Canadian (ABC) and the AOSSM Traveling Fellowships.
Practice Areas
Professional Education
- Board Certification: Orthopaedic Surgery, American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (2002)
- Medical Education: Harvard Medical School (1992) MA
- Fellowship, Drexel University, Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (2012)
- Certificate, University of Pittsburgh Katz Business School, Physician Leadership and Management (2011)
- Fellowship: Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School (1999) MA
- Residency: UCSD Medical Center (1998) CA
- Internship: UCSD Medical Center (1993) CA
- Undergraduate, US Military Academy at West Point (1983)
Administrative Appointments
- Director, Joint Preservation Center, VA Palo Alto (2013 - Present)
- Chief, Sports Medicine, VA Palo Alto (2013 - Present)
- Vice Chair Research, Stanford Orthopedic Surgery (2013 - Present)
Publications
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Dance between biology, mechanics, and structure: A systems-based approach to developing osteoarthritis prevention strategies
Chu, C. R., & Andriacchi, T. P. (2015). Dance between biology, mechanics, and structure: A systems-based approach to developing osteoarthritis prevention strategies. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, 33(7), 939-947. -
The Challenge and the Promise of Bone Marrow Cells for Human Cartilage Repair
Chu, C. R. (2015). The Challenge and the Promise of Bone Marrow Cells for Human Cartilage Repair. CARTILAGE, 6(2), 36S-45S. -
Effects of High Heel Wear and Increased Weight on the Knee During Walking
Titchenal, M. R., Asay, J. L., Favre, J., Andriacchi, T. P., & Chu, C. R. (2015). Effects of High Heel Wear and Increased Weight on the Knee During Walking. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, 33(3), 405-411. -
Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging UTE-T2* Mapping of Cartilage and Meniscus Healing After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.
Chu, C. R., Williams, A. A., West, R. V., Qian, Y., Fu, F. H., & Bruno, S. (2014). Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging UTE-T2* Mapping of Cartilage and Meniscus Healing After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. American journal of sports medicine, 42(8), 1847-1856.
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging UTE-T2*Mapping of Cartilage and Meniscus Healing After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Chu, C. R., Williams, A. A., West, R. V., Qian, Y., Fu, F. H., & Bruno, S. (2014). Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging UTE-T2*Mapping of Cartilage and Meniscus Healing After Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 42(8), 1847-1856.
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Osteoarthritis: From Palliation to Prevention: AOA Critical Issues.
Chu, C. R., Millis, M. B., & Olson, S. A. (2014). Osteoarthritis: From Palliation to Prevention: AOA Critical Issues. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 96(15), e130.
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Persistence, Localization, and External Control of Transgene Expression After Single Injection of Adeno-Associated Virus into Injured Joints
Lee, H. H., O'Malley, M. J., Friel, N. A., Payne, K. A., Qiao, C., & Chu, C. R. (2013). Persistence, Localization, and External Control of Transgene Expression After Single Injection of Adeno-Associated Virus into Injured Joints. HUMAN GENE THERAPY, 24(4), 457-466.
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Early diagnosis to enable early treatment of pre-osteoarthritis
Chu, C. R., Williams, A. A., Coyle, C. H., & Bowers, M. E. (2012). Early diagnosis to enable early treatment of pre-osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY, 14(3).
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Donor sex and age influence the chondrogenic potential of human femoral bone marrow stem cells
Payne, K. A., Didiano, D. M., & Chu, C. R. (2010). Donor sex and age influence the chondrogenic potential of human femoral bone marrow stem cells. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 18(5), 705-713.
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A Systems View of Risk Factors for Knee Osteoarthritis Reveals Insights into the Pathogenesis of the Disease
Andriacchi, T. P., Favre, J., Erhart-Hledik, J. C., & Chu, C. R. (2015). A Systems View of Risk Factors for Knee Osteoarthritis Reveals Insights into the Pathogenesis of the Disease. ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, 43(2), 376-387.
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Osteoarthritis: From Palliation to Prevention AOA Critical Issues
Chu, C. R., Millis, M. B., & Olson, S. A. (2014). Osteoarthritis: From Palliation to Prevention AOA Critical Issues. JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 96A(15).
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The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Formulations and Blood Products on Human Synoviocytes Implications for Intra-articular Injury and Therapy
Braun, H. J., Kim, H. J., Chu, C. R., & Dragoo, J. L. (2014). The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Formulations and Blood Products on Human Synoviocytes Implications for Intra-articular Injury and Therapy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 42(5), 1204-1210.
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Articular cartilage changes in maturing athletes: new targets for joint rejuvenation.
Luria, A., & Chu, C. R. (2014). Articular cartilage changes in maturing athletes: new targets for joint rejuvenation. Sports health, 6(1), 18-30.
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Brief report: carboxypeptidase B serves as a protective mediator in osteoarthritis.
Lepus, C. M., Song, J. J., Wang, Q., Wagner, C. A., Lindstrom, T. M., & Robinson, W. H. (2014). Brief report: carboxypeptidase B serves as a protective mediator in osteoarthritis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 66(1), 101-106.
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Carboxypeptidase B Serves as a Protective Mediator in Osteoarthritis
Lepus, C. M., Song, J. J., Wang, Q., Wagner, C. A., Lindstrom, T. M., & Robinson, W. H. (2014). Carboxypeptidase B Serves as a Protective Mediator in Osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY, 66(1), 101-106.
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T2 texture index of cartilage can predict early symptomatic OA progression: data from the osteoarthritis initiative
Urish, K. L., Keffalas, M. G., Durkin, J. R., Miller, D. J., Chu, C. R., & Mosher, T. J. (2013). T2 texture index of cartilage can predict early symptomatic OA progression: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 21(10), 1550-1557.
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Repeatability of ultrashort echo time-based two-component T2*measurements on cartilages in human knee at 3 T
Qian, Y., Williams, A. A., Chu, C. R., & Boada, F. E. (2013). Repeatability of ultrashort echo time-based two-component T2*measurements on cartilages in human knee at 3 T. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, 69(6), 1564-1571.
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Effects of doxycycline on mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis and cartilage repair
Lee, H. H., O'Malley, M. J., Friel, N. A., & Chu, C. R. (2013). Effects of doxycycline on mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis and cartilage repair. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 21(2), 385-393.
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Registration of Magnetic Resonance Image Series for Knee Articular Cartilage Analysis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Urish, K. L., Williams, A. A., Durkin, J. R., & Chu, C. R. (2013). Registration of Magnetic Resonance Image Series for Knee Articular Cartilage Analysis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. CARTILAGE, 4(1), 20-27.
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The Role of ACL Injury in the Development of Posttraumatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Friel, N. A., & Chu, C. R. (2013). The Role of ACL Injury in the Development of Posttraumatic Knee Osteoarthritis. CLINICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE, 32(1), 1-?.
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Serum CTXii Correlates With Articular Cartilage Degeneration After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection or Arthrotomy Followed by Standardized Exercise.
Coyle, C. H., Henry, S. E., Haleem, A. M., O'Malley, M. J., & Chu, C. R. (2012). Serum CTXii Correlates With Articular Cartilage Degeneration After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection or Arthrotomy Followed by Standardized Exercise. Sports health, 4(6), 510-517.
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The feasibility of randomized controlled trials for early arthritis therapies (Earth) involving acute anterior cruciate ligament tear cohorts.
Chu, C. R., Beynnon, B. D., Dragoo, J. L., Fleisig, G. S., Hart, J. M., & Nelson, B. J. (2012). The feasibility of randomized controlled trials for early arthritis therapies (Earth) involving acute anterior cruciate ligament tear cohorts. American journal of sports medicine, 40(11), 2648-2652.
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UTE-T2* mapping detects sub-clinical meniscus injury after anterior cruciate ligament tear
Williams, A., Qian, Y., Golla, S., & Chu, C. R. (2012). UTE-T2* mapping detects sub-clinical meniscus injury after anterior cruciate ligament tear. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 20(6), 486-494.
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High-resolution ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging on human knee with AWSOS sequence at 3.0 T
Qian, Y., Williams, A. A., Chu, C. R., & Boada, F. E. (2012). High-resolution ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging on human knee with AWSOS sequence at 3.0 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, 35(1), 204-210.
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Clinical and Basic Science of Cartilage Injury and Arthritis in the Football (Soccer) Athlete
Lee, H. H., & Chu, C. R. (2012). Clinical and Basic Science of Cartilage Injury and Arthritis in the Football (Soccer) Athlete. CARTILAGE, 3(1), 63S-68S.
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Single intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus results in stable and controllable in vivo transgene expression in normal rat knees
Payne, K. A., Lee, H. H., Haleem, A. M., Martins, C., Yuan, Z., & Chu, C. R. (2011). Single intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus results in stable and controllable in vivo transgene expression in normal rat knees. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 19(8), 1058-1065.
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Release of Bioactive Adeno-Associated Virus from Fibrin Scaffolds: Effects of Fibrin Glue Concentrations
Lee, H. H., Haleem, A. M., Yao, V., Li, J., Xiao, X., & Chu, C. R. (2011). Release of Bioactive Adeno-Associated Virus from Fibrin Scaffolds: Effects of Fibrin Glue Concentrations. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A, 17(15-16), 1969-1978.
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Closing the Gap Between Bench and Bedside Research for Early Arthritis Therapies (EARTH) Report From the AOSSM/NIH U-13 Post-Joint Injury Osteoarthritis Conference II
Chu, C. R., Beynnon, B. D., Buckwalter, J. A., Garrett, W. E., Katz, J. N., & Stanton, R. A. (2011). Closing the Gap Between Bench and Bedside Research for Early Arthritis Therapies (EARTH) Report From the AOSSM/NIH U-13 Post-Joint Injury Osteoarthritis Conference II. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 39(7), 1569-1578.
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Arthroscopic optical coherence tomography in diagnosis of early arthritis.
O'Malley, M. J., & Chu, C. R. (2011). Arthroscopic optical coherence tomography in diagnosis of early arthritis. Minimally invasive surgery, 2011, 671308-?.
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UTE-T2* mapping of human articular cartilage in vivo: a repeatability assessment
Williams, A., Qian, Y., & Chu, C. R. (2011). UTE-T2* mapping of human articular cartilage in vivo: a repeatability assessment. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 19(1), 84-88.
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Multicomponent T2* mapping of knee cartilage: technical feasibility ex vivo.
Qian, Y., Williams, A. A., Chu, C. R., & Boada, F. E. (2010). Multicomponent T2* mapping of knee cartilage: technical feasibility ex vivo. Magnetic resonance in medicine , 64(5), 1426-1431.
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Multicomponent T-2(star) Mapping of Knee Cartilage: Technical Feasibility Ex Vivo
Qian, Y., Williams, A. A., Chu, C. R., & Boada, F. E. (2010). Multicomponent T-2(star) Mapping of Knee Cartilage: Technical Feasibility Ex Vivo. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE, 64(5), 1427-1432.
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The association of osteoarthritis risk factors with localized, regional and diffuse knee pain
Thompson, L. R., Boudreau, R., Newman, A. B., Hannon, M. J., Chu, C. R., & Kwoh, C. K. (2010). The association of osteoarthritis risk factors with localized, regional and diffuse knee pain. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 18(10), 1244-1249.
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The Clinical Use of Human Culture-Expanded Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted on Platelet-Rich Fibrin Glue in the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects: A Pilot Study and Preliminary Results
Haleem, A. M., El Singergy, A. A., Sabry, D., Atta, H. M., Rashed, L. A., & Aziz, M. Ta. (2010). The Clinical Use of Human Culture-Expanded Autologous Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplanted on Platelet-Rich Fibrin Glue in the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects: A Pilot Study and Preliminary Results. CARTILAGE, 1(4), 253-261.
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Optical Coherence Tomography Detection of Subclinical Traumatic Cartilage Injury
Bear, D. M., Szczodry, M., Kramer, S., Coyle, C. H., Smolinski, P., & Chu, C. R. (2010). Optical Coherence Tomography Detection of Subclinical Traumatic Cartilage Injury. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRAUMA, 24(9), 577-582.
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Clinical Optical Coherence Tomography of Early Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Patients With Degenerative Meniscal Tears
Chu, C. R., Williams, A., Tolliver, D., Kwoh, C. K., Bruno, S., & Irrgang, J. J. (2010). Clinical Optical Coherence Tomography of Early Articular Cartilage Degeneration in Patients With Degenerative Meniscal Tears. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM, 62(5), 1412-1420.
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Assessing degeneration of human articular cartilage with ultra-short echo time (UTE) T-2* mapping
Williams, A., Qian, Y., Bear, D., & Chu, C. R. (2010). Assessing degeneration of human articular cartilage with ultra-short echo time (UTE) T-2* mapping. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 18(4), 539-546.
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Optical Coherence Tomography Grading Correlates with MRI T2 Mapping and Extracellular Matrix Content
Bear, D. M., Williams, A., Chu, C. T., Coyle, C. H., & Chu, C. R. (2010). Optical Coherence Tomography Grading Correlates with MRI T2 Mapping and Extracellular Matrix Content. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, 28(4), 546-552.
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In vivo effects of single intra-articular injection of 0.5% bupivacaine on articular cartilage.
Chu, C. R., Coyle, C. H., Chu, C. T., Szczodry, M., Seshadri, V., & Pringle, E. K. (2010). In vivo effects of single intra-articular injection of 0.5% bupivacaine on articular cartilage. journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 92(3), 599-608.
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Novel multiarm PEG-based hydrogels for tissue engineering.
Tan, H., DeFail, A. J., Rubin, J. P., Chu, C. R., & Marra, K. G. (2010). Novel multiarm PEG-based hydrogels for tissue engineering. Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A, 92(3), 979-987.
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In Vivo Effects of Single Intra-Articular Injection of 0.5% Bupivacaine on Articular Cartilage
Chu, C. R., Coyle, C. H., Chu, C. T., Szczodry, M., Seshadri, V., & Pringle, E. K. (2010). In Vivo Effects of Single Intra-Articular Injection of 0.5% Bupivacaine on Articular Cartilage. JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 92A(3), 599-608.
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Animal Models for Cartilage Regeneration and Repair
Chu, C. R., Szczodry, M., & Bruno, S. (2010). Animal Models for Cartilage Regeneration and Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS, 16(1), 105-115.
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Progressive Chondrocyte Death After Impact Injury Indicates a Need for Chondroprotective Therapy
Szczodry, M., Coyle, C. H., Kramer, S. J., Smolinski, P., & Chu, C. R. (2009). Progressive Chondrocyte Death After Impact Injury Indicates a Need for Chondroprotective Therapy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 37(12), 2318-2322.
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The Knee Pain Map: Reliability of a Method to Identify Knee Pain Location and Pattern
Thompson, L. R., Boudreau, R., Hannon, M. J., Newman, A. B., Chu, C. R., & Kwoh, C. K. (2009). The Knee Pain Map: Reliability of a Method to Identify Knee Pain Location and Pattern. ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH, 61(6), 725-731.
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Sustained Hypoxia Enhances Chondrocyte Matrix Synthesis
Coyle, C. H., Izzo, N. J., & Chu, C. R. (2009). Sustained Hypoxia Enhances Chondrocyte Matrix Synthesis. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, 27(6), 793-799.
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Injectable in situ forming biodegradable chitosan-hyaluronic acid based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering
Tan, H., Chu, C. R., Payne, K. A., & Marra, K. G. (2009). Injectable in situ forming biodegradable chitosan-hyaluronic acid based hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS, 30(13), 2499-2506.
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Lidocaine Potentiates the Chondrotoxicity of Methylprednisolone
Seshadri, V., Coyle, C. H., & Chu, C. R. (2009). Lidocaine Potentiates the Chondrotoxicity of Methylprednisolone. ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY, 25(4), 337-347.
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The Role of the Biochemical and Biophysical Environment in Chondrogenic Stem Cell Differentiation Assays and Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Wescoe, K. E., Schugar, R. C., Chu, C. R., & Deasy, B. M. (2008). The Role of the Biochemical and Biophysical Environment in Chondrogenic Stem Cell Differentiation Assays and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS, 52(2), 85-102.
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The in vitro effects of bupivacaine on articular chondrocytes.
Chu, C. R., Izzo, N. J., Coyle, C. H., Papas, N. E., & Logar, A. (2008). The in vitro effects of bupivacaine on articular chondrocytes. journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 90(6), 814-820.
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The in vitro effects of bupivacaine on articular chondrocytes
Chu, C. R., Izzo, N. J., Coyle, C. H., Papas, N. E., & Logar, A. (2008). The in vitro effects of bupivacaine on articular chondrocytes. JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-BRITISH VOLUME, 90B(6), 814-820.
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Optimizing CO2 normalizes pH and enhances chondrocyte viability during cold storage
Dontchos, B. N., Coyle, C. H., Izzo, N. J., Didiano, D. M., Karpie, J. C., & Chu, C. R. (2008). Optimizing CO2 normalizes pH and enhances chondrocyte viability during cold storage. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, 26(5), 643-650.
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The 2007 ABC Traveling Fellowship: building international orthopaedic bridges.
Chu, C. R., Antoniou, J., Donley, B. G., Frick, S. L., Hilibrand, A. S., & Younger, A. S. (2008). The 2007 ABC Traveling Fellowship: building international orthopaedic bridges. journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 90(3), 672-674.
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Lidocaine exhibits dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro
Karpie, J. C., & Chu, C. R. (2007). Lidocaine exhibits dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects on bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 35(10), 1621-1627.
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Clinical diagnosis of potentially treatable early articular cartilage degeneration using optical coherence tomography
Chu, C. R., Izzo, N. J., Irrgang, J. J., Ferretti, M., & Studer, R. K. (2007). Clinical diagnosis of potentially treatable early articular cartilage degeneration using optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS, 12(5).
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Adeno-associated viral gene transfer of transforming growth factor-beta 1 to human mesenchymal stem cells improves cartilage repair
Pagnotto, M. R., Wang, Z., Karpie, J. C., Ferretti, M., Xiao, X., & Chu, C. R. (2007). Adeno-associated viral gene transfer of transforming growth factor-beta 1 to human mesenchymal stem cells improves cartilage repair. GENE THERAPY, 14(10), 804-813.
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Controlled in vivo degradation of genipin crosslinked polyethylene glycol hydrogels within osteochondral defects
Ferretti, M., Marra, K. G., Kobayashi, K., DeFail, A. J., & Chu, C. R. (2006). Controlled in vivo degradation of genipin crosslinked polyethylene glycol hydrogels within osteochondral defects. TISSUE ENGINEERING, 12(9), 2657-2663.
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In vitro exposure to 0.5% bupivacaine is cytotoxic to bovine articular chondrocytes
Chu, C. R., Izzo, N. J., Papas, N. E., & Fu, F. H. (2006). In vitro exposure to 0.5% bupivacaine is cytotoxic to bovine articular chondrocytes. ARTHROSCOPY-THE JOURNAL OF ARTHROSCOPIC AND RELATED SURGERY, 22(7), 693-699.
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Controlled release of bioactive TGF-beta(1) from microspheres embedded within biodegradable hydrogels
DeFail, A. J., Chu, C. R., Izzo, N., & Marra, K. G. (2006). Controlled release of bioactive TGF-beta(1) from microspheres embedded within biodegradable hydrogels. BIOMATERIALS, 27(8), 1579-1585.
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Adenoviral-mediated transfer of TGF-beta 1 but not IGF-1 induces chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in pellet cultures
Kawamura, K., Chu, C. R., Sobajima, S., Robbins, P. D., Fu, F. H., & Niyibizi, C. (2005). Adenoviral-mediated transfer of TGF-beta 1 but not IGF-1 induces chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in pellet cultures. EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY, 33(8), 865-872.
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p38 MAPK and COX2 inhibition modulate human chondrocyte response to TGF-beta
Studer, R. K., & Chu, C. R. (2005). p38 MAPK and COX2 inhibition modulate human chondrocyte response to TGF-beta. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, 23(2), 454-461.
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Mini-pig fresh osteochondral allografts deteriorate after 1 week of cold storage
Rohde, R. S., Studer, R. K., & Chu, C. R. (2004). Mini-pig fresh osteochondral allografts deteriorate after 1 week of cold storage. CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, (427), 226-233.
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Recovery of articular cartilage metabolism following thermal stress is facilitated by IGF-1 and JNK inhibitor
Chu, C. R., Kaplan, L. D., Fu, F. H., Crossett, L. S., & Studer, R. K. (2004). Recovery of articular cartilage metabolism following thermal stress is facilitated by IGF-1 and JNK inhibitor. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 32(1), 191-196.
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Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage
Pan, Y. T., Li, Z. G., Xie, T. Q., & Chu, C. R. (2003). Hand-held arthroscopic optical coherence tomography for in vivo high-resolution imaging of articular cartilage. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS, 8(4), 648-654.
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Recovery of chondrocyte metabolic activity after thermal exposure
Kaplan, L. D., Chu, C. R., Bradley, J. P., Fu, F. H., & Studer, R. K. (2003). Recovery of chondrocyte metabolic activity after thermal exposure. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 31(3), 392-398.
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Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography
Han, C. W., Chu, C. R., Adachi, N., Usas, A., Fu, F. H., & Pan, Y. (2003). Analysis of rabbit articular cartilage repair after chondrocyte implantation using optical coherence tomography. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE, 11(2), 111-121.
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Articular cartilage transplantation - Clinical results in the knee
Chu, C. R., Convery, F. R., Akeson, W. H., Meyers, M., & Amiel, D. (1999). Articular cartilage transplantation - Clinical results in the knee. CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, (360), 159-168.
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The Marshall R. Urist Young Investigator Award. Autogenous flexor tendon grafts. Biologic mechanisms for incorporation.
Seiler, J. G., Chu, C. R., Amiel, D., Woo, S. L., & Gelberman, R. H. (1997). The Marshall R. Urist Young Investigator Award. Autogenous flexor tendon grafts. Biologic mechanisms for incorporation. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, (345), 239-247.
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Osteochondral repair using perichondrial cells - A 1-year study in rabbits
Chu, C. R., Dounchis, J. S., Yoshioka, M., Sah, R. L., Coutts, R. D., & Amiel, D. (1997). Osteochondral repair using perichondrial cells - A 1-year study in rabbits. CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH, (340), 220-229.
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IN-SITU ASSESSMENT OF CELL VIABILITY WITHIN BIODEGRADABLE POLYLACTIC ACID POLYMER MATRICES
Chu, C. R., Monosov, A. Z., & Amiel, D. (1995). IN-SITU ASSESSMENT OF CELL VIABILITY WITHIN BIODEGRADABLE POLYLACTIC ACID POLYMER MATRICES. BIOMATERIALS, 16(18), 1381-1384.
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ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE REPAIR USING ALLOGENEIC PERICHONDROCYTE-SEEDED BIODEGRADABLE POROUS POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) - A TISSUE-ENGINEERING STUDY
Chu, C. R., Coutts, R. D., Yoshioka, M., Harwood, F. L., Monosov, A. Z., & Amiel, D. (1995). ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE REPAIR USING ALLOGENEIC PERICHONDROCYTE-SEEDED BIODEGRADABLE POROUS POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) - A TISSUE-ENGINEERING STUDY. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, 29(9), 1147-1154.
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AUTOGENOUS INTRASYNOVIAL AND EXTRASYNOVIAL TENDON GRAFTS - AN EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY OF PRO ALPHA-1(I) COLLAGEN MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION IN DOGS
Amiel, D., Harwood, F. L., Gelberman, R. H., Chu, C. R., Seiler, J. G., & Abrahamsson, S. (1995). AUTOGENOUS INTRASYNOVIAL AND EXTRASYNOVIAL TENDON GRAFTS - AN EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY OF PRO ALPHA-1(I) COLLAGEN MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION IN DOGS. JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, 13(3), 459-463.
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Autogenous flexor-tendon grafts. A biomechanical and morphological study in dogs.
Seiler, J. G., Gelberman, R. H., Williams, C. S., Woo, S. L., Dickersin, G. R., & Rosenberg, A. E. (1993). Autogenous flexor-tendon grafts. A biomechanical and morphological study in dogs. journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 75(7), 1004-1014.
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The fate of autogenous tendon grafts.
Seiler, J. G., Chu, C., ABRAHAMSSON, S. O., & Gelberman, R. H. (1993). The fate of autogenous tendon grafts. The Iowa orthopaedic journal, 13, 56-62.
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ANGIOGENESIS IN HEALING AUTOGENOUS FLEXOR-TENDON GRAFTS
Gelberman, R. H., Chu, C. R., Williams, C. S., Seiler, J. G., & Amiel, D. (1992). ANGIOGENESIS IN HEALING AUTOGENOUS FLEXOR-TENDON GRAFTS. JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME, 74A(8), 1207-1216.