To apply for asylum in the U.S., you must be physically present in the U.S.

To apply for asylum, you should file Form I-589, Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal, with USCIS within 1 year of your last arrival in the United States (unless you qualify for an exception to the 1-year filing deadline).

If you fail to file Form I-589 within 1 year of your arrival in the United States, you may not be eligible to apply for asylum under section 208(a)(2)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

Do not submit a completed fingerprint card (FD-258) or fingerprint fee with your Form I-589. We will accept your Form I-589 without an attached fingerprint card.

To determine where to file your Form I-589, follow the instructions under the “Where to File” section on our Form I-589 page.

For information on asylum eligibility, see the Asylum Eligibility and Applications page.

Bars to Applying for Asylum

You may not be eligible to apply for asylum if you:

• Did not follow the one-year filing deadline for Form I-589, Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal. The 1-year deadline is calculated from the date of your last arrival in the U.S. or April 1, 1997, whichever is later;
• Had a previous asylum application denied by an immigration judge or the Board of Immigration Appeals; or
• Can be removed to a safe third country under a 2-party or multi-party agreement between the United States and other countries.

There are exceptions to these bars for “changed circumstances” or “extraordinary circumstances.”

Both are defined in 8 CFR 208.4. For more information on the bars and the exceptions, see our Asylum Bars page.

Once USCIS has received the completed application, you will receive 2 notices:

• Acknowledgment of receipt of your application, and
• Notice to visit your nearest application support center (ASC) for fingerprinting.

For more information on locating an ASC, see our USCIS Service and Office Locator Web page.

You should read the ASC Appointment Notice and take it with you to your fingerprinting appointment at the ASC. You do not need to pay a fingerprinting fee as an asylum applicant.

If you are also requesting asylum status for your spouse and children and they are with you in the United States, they will need to go with you to your ASC appointment.

More information is available on our Preparing for Your Biometric Services Appointment page.

Depending on where you live, we will schedule you for an interview with an asylum officer at either a USCIS asylum office or a USCIS field office (also called a circuit ride location). For more information about USCIS field and asylum offices, visit our Find A USCIS Office page. Your interview notice will tell you the date, location, and time of your asylum interview.

As of Jan. 29, 2018, the USCIS Asylum Division is scheduling asylum interviews in the following order of priority:*

• 1st priority: Applications that were scheduled for an interview, but the interview had to be rescheduled at the applicant’s request or the needs of USCIS;
• 2nd priority: Applications that have been pending 21 days or less since filing;
• 3rd priority: All other pending affirmative asylum applications will be scheduled for interviews starting with newer filings and working back towards older filings.

*This scheduling approach was first established following the asylum reforms of 1995 (PDF, 22.31 KB), and was in place previously for 20 years.

Workload priorities related to border enforcement may affect our ability to schedule all new applications for an interview within 21 days.

Asylum office directors may consider, on a case-by-case basis, an urgent request to be scheduled for an interview outside of the priority order listed above. Please submit any urgent interview scheduling requests in writing to the asylum office with jurisdiction over your case. Go to the USCIS Service and Office Locator page for contact information.

For asylum applicants who live far from an asylum office or an asylum sub-office, asylum offices schedule asylum interviews at USCIS field offices (“circuit ride” locations) as resources permit. Please contact the asylum office with jurisdiction over your case for more detailed information.

See Affirmative Asylum Interview Scheduling for more information.

You may bring an attorney or accredited representative to the interview. You must also bring your spouse and any children seeking derivative asylum benefits to the interview.

If you cannot proceed with the interview in English you must bring an interpreter.

The interview will generally last about 1 hour, although the time may vary depending on the case. You may also bring witnesses to testify on your behalf.

For more information about your asylum interview, see our Web page on Preparing for Your Asylum Interview.

You must meet the definition of a refugee in order to be eligible for asylum.

The asylum officer will determine whether you:

• Are eligible to apply for asylum;
• Meet the definition of a refugee in section 101(a)(42)(A) of the INA; and
• Are barred from being granted asylum under section 208(b)(2) of the INA.

A supervisory asylum officer reviews the asylum officer’s decision to ensure it is consistent with the law. Depending on the case, the supervisory asylum officer may refer the decision to asylum division staff at USCIS headquarters for additional review.

In most cases, you will return to the asylum office to pick up the decision 2 weeks after the asylum officer interviewed you.

Longer processing times may be required if you:

• Are currently in valid immigration status;
• Were interviewed at a USCIS field office;
• Have pending security checks; or
• Have a case that is being reviewed by asylum division staff at USCIS headquarters.

We will normally mail your decision to you in these situations.

For more information on the types of asylum decisions issued by USCIS, see our webpage on Types of Asylum Decisions.

Additional information on the affirmative asylum process is available on our Resources for Asylum Applicants page.

You can check your Case Status Online. All you need is the receipt number that we mailed you after you filed your application.

• Affirmative Asylum Procedures Manual (AAPM) 2016 (PDF, 1.83 MB)