The world’s two most populous countries face numerous policy challenges from rapid demographic change. Drawing on social science expertise from China, India, and the United States, the contributors examine the social and economic challenges for policies across a range of domains, from China’s changed family planning policies and India’s efforts to address gender imbalance, to both countries’ policies regarding old-age support, human capital investment, poverty alleviation, and broader issues of governance.

Sections focus on:

• Policy Challenges and Economic Impact
• Fertility and Sex Imbalance
• Human Capital and Urbanization
• Population Aging