Going after Jordan's Al Capone?

Posted By Marc Lynch Share

It's hard to avoid the subject of corruption when you talk to people in Jordan. During my last few visits there, no matter how much I tried to talk about the Muslim Brotherhood or the Parliament or constitutional reform, talk would always eventually come around to dark whispers about the rising tide of corruption at the highest levels. When King Abdullah disbanded Parliament, his new Prime Minister Samir Rifa'i had made battling corruption a top priority, though there was skepticism given that he had himself been reportedly forced out as Minister of Court for abusing his position. So most everyone was stunned last week by the arrest of four high-level officials at the heart of the regime over allegations of corruption in the contracting of Jordan's petroleum refinery. What's going on?

Corruption is hardly novel in Jordan, but this kind of major case is pretty rare. When Jordanians get caught up in corruption investigations, it's usually because they fell out with the Palace or else because they got caught up in the Kingdom's always-tense Jordanian-Palestinian divide. The current  round is different. At least 24 people are reportedly targets of the investigation, in addition to the prominent figures arrested: former Finance Minister Adel al-Qadah, wealthy businessman Khaled Shaheen, the Prime Minister's economic adviser Mohammed al-Rawashdeh, and former Petroleum official Ahmed al-Rifa'i. These are well-connected people, many from Transjordanian rather than Palestinian origins.   

The government has banned the publication of any details about the corruption cases in the local media without its prior approval -- an unfortunate decision which is depressingly consistent with its increasingly harsh line on media and public freedoms. But the way information travels in Jordan, it hardly needs to be in the media for the message to get out -- and Jordanians are buzzing about it (one blogger called it "the Jordanian equivalent of putting Al Capone on trial"). Why the ban on media coverage when the government appears to be doing something genuinely popular and fulfilling a major promise of its platform in the face of extreme skepticism?  

The answer to that depends on the real reasons for the arrests.  One theory is that the Palace finally realized that the growing public whispers about corruption were becoming too damaging to regime legitimacy, and that this was a move to restore public confidence. But then why ban coverage in the local media?  A second theory making the rounds is that in fact it was a signal not so much to the general public as to the elite, that certain lines should not be crossed -- for which the mass media would not be needed. Adherents of this view ask why there was a major corruption investigation in this case and not in a wide range of other well-known, or at least widely rumored, cases.   

A third  possibility is that it may also be a signal to the international community by the cash-strapped and aid-dependent Kingdom. Only weeks ago, Jordan had been embarrassed by its showing in the 2009 report by Global Integrity, which gave its anti-corruption efforts a rating of 55/100 (Very Weak):

A number of key agencies contributing to Jordan's national anti-corruption framework have been redesigned during the past few years with mixed results. For example, an ombudsman's office was established in 2008; however, it has only taken on low-level cases to date. Fearful of political interference after the head of the Audit Bureau was recently removed from office, the newly created anti-corruption commission has been slow to act or issue reports. Meanwhile, the Jordanian Foundation for Investment, the agency responsible for oversight of state-owned enterprises, was abolished in favor of ministerial-level monitoring with less transparent oversight practices.

King Abdullah cares about Jordan's international image, and may have felt the need to reassure international investors and the international community that anti-corruption efforts will be taken more seriously.  And again, having it in the local media would accomplish little for this goal. 

Whatever the case -- and there's plenty we don't know yet -- it's somewhat heartening to see a rare serious anti-corruption move in Jordan. But I would be more heartened if the move was not accompanied by a state security ban on local media coverage, if it extended to a wider range of cases and not just one seemingly isolated incident, if it were accompanied by a rapid move towards passing the progressive legislation which Parliament was supposedly dissolved in order to push through, and if there were clear signs of a rapid move towards elections for a new Parliament under a reformed electoral law.  

AFP/Getty Images

 
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NUR AL-CUBICLE

7:59 PM ET

March 11, 2010

Not one without the other

It seems to me that battling crime with no transparency is not about battling crime.

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JANBEKSTER

8:38 PM ET

March 14, 2010

Investigation of corrupt personalities

Cases of corruption usually take a long time to investigate, and are hard to prove be that in Jordan or anywhere else. Mr. Rifai is the first prime minister to order the investigation of corrupt personalities and indeed this is good news. Of course once the investigation period is over regarding the accused former officials and personalities, news will come out regarding the details of the accusations. As for the Prime Minister himself, I had the honor of serving with him many years ago, and personally; for what's it worth, would vouche for his upright character, and being himself the son of a wealthy family, like in many other places of the world, wealth attracts envy.
khairi janbek.paris/france

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SAMERLIBDEH

3:47 PM ET

March 16, 2010

Far beyond than corruption

The story could not be isolated from the regime’s recent struggle to maintain its legitimacy inside the kingdom. The latest appointment of a member of Beni-Sakhr clan to head the military underscores the rising rift between the monarchy and the rest of tribes. And despite their differences, but Transjordanian nationalists, Palestinian-Jordanians, as well as the Islamists agree that the reform process is not working with the current elite in power.

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JANBEKSTER

1:41 PM ET

March 17, 2010

What far beyond?.

I suppose, neither Samer nor myself, have changed our differing views since we last exchanged opinions in a public forum in Jordan. For a start, there is no questioning of HM King Abdullah IInd's sovereign rule in Jordan. As a fact and not as opinion, Jordanians from all oriogins and religions, have never questioned His Majesty's rule neither internally nor externally. Therefore, I am more than surprised that, Samer brought in the changes in the Jordanian military command as a paradigm for anything, when his good self knows very well; as much as I do if not more perhaps, that such changes in the military command, like any other country in the world, are subject to rules, regulations as well as laws of the military organisation. As for the current government, and like many other Jordanian governments before; and I am not saying all, have proved to be more advanced in fighting corruption, and advancing reforms under HM the King's orders, more than the representatives of the Jordanian people in all the previous parliaments, unfortunately, which both Dr. Lynch and Samer know very well.
khairi janbek.paris/france

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SINAI_ROSEFINCH

4:15 AM ET

March 19, 2010

What reforms?

If anything, all these actions raise concerns about the integrity of the government and the many steps backward in recent times. All you need to do is take a look at some recent reports by international observers. For example, Jordan has "alarmingly" regressed from a “partly free” to “non-free” state according to Freedom House and has also recently slipped behind Egypt in Human Rights Watch’s (HRW) ranking for journalistic freedom.

Take this case for example. First, they treat it as a criminal case and ask the Prosecutor General to take it to a Civil Court. The Court releases the defendants on bail but Sameer Rifai does not like that decision and all of a sudden it becomes a case "within the domain of economic security"! A blatant manipulation of the laws to suit the government. Then, a ban on the media to cover anything related to the case to avoid embarrassment. As Reporters Sans Frontiers said, “this ban shows a lack of political will on the part of the government” and “the decision is unworthy of a country that claims to be democratic”.

Every form of authority has to justify its existence. It is the West who has put the current leaders of Jordan, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States in power. These are not democratically elected people neither is Sameer Rifai nor any of the ministers in his appointed cabinet. Jordan is supposed to be a constitutional monarchy yet the Parliament was dissolved barely two years in its term and has in the past been dissolved at random to suit government agenda. Let us hope that the Western countries who support these autocratic regimes are embarrassed by their actions and realise that a stable un-democratic country like Jordan is not necessarily in their best interests. The government is alienating its own people, and for every decent Jordanian who is unlawfully detained in prison for allegations of wrongdoing and denied a fair and transparent hearing, there will be thousands of young Jordanians who will begin to question the legitimacy of the regime and demand a true democratic Jordan.

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JANBEKSTER

12:48 PM ET

March 19, 2010

Re-What Reforms.

many countries in the world since ancient times have been created by other countries; not mention Britain being created France. Unfortunately, Jordan does not have the luxury of what western style democracies have achieved; thopugh in due course this the objective of the state of Jordan, because unfortunately again, the geography and history of the region it belongs to. Therefore, the ebbs and flows in reforms and democratisation are usually subject to serious regional events and developements, which tend to affect the being of the country even to the minutest detail of everyday life.

Western democratic countries; including the USA, have developed laws and regulations to govern their own societies after the tragic 9/11 terrorist attacks, in order to be able to cope with the era we all live in, let a lone a small country like Jordan which not only is threatened by terrorism, but also, by the serious stalemate in the Palestinian-Israeli peace process.

As Dr. Lynch wrote, the predomiant theme of conversation in Jordan is actually, the issue of corruption, and now Jordan has a Prime Minister whom put in his sight combating corruptiuon as his main priority, through all the legal means available in the laws of Jordan. Does that mean the individuals accused of corruption are innocent because they are out on bail?.

As for the lack of information in the Jordanian media regarding this case, I am sure hd the opposite been allowed, Jordanians as well as non-Jordanians would have screamed with shame, that the families of the accused should be protected and that the Jordanian government should not allow speculation which can jeoperdise the defense or the prosecution of the case. In time I am sure there will be information available. This not out of line when it comes to criminal cases even in democracies of western style.

Indeed, it is not a comfortable development for Jordan slipping in grades when it comes to freedom. Moreover, it is the Jordanian state and people whom would be most disappointed in theis negative development; especially that HM King Abdullah IInd, had often declared that, the ceiling for freedom in Jordan is the sky. I am sure this an aspiration will be followed and pursued seriously, but then again freedom is also a responsibility, which all alike in Jordan; officials and citizens will learn about; particualrly that, when there is no information there is always speculation, and when there are no justifications there are always rumors, and that freedom of thought does not lead to treason, rather, allowing everyone to ,ove the country according to his/her understanding of the love of their country.

As for the western countries, I am sure everyone knows that, they not benevolent associations, and treat Jordan as well as other countries, in accordance with their interests primarily.
khairi janbek.paris/france

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JANBEKSTER

12:53 PM ET

March 19, 2010

sorry ..

There are some typos etc... bad keyboard. I promis when I grow up and have a job and become wealthy, I shall buy a new one. Apologies to all.
khairi janbek.paris/france

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SAMERLIBDEH

2:06 PM ET

March 19, 2010

Reform??? Inshallah!!

All those arrested are linked to the monarchy. The businesman involved was contracted by the royal palace, supplying it with sports cars that ironically were used in diplomatic convoys!! The refinery case took place more than 10 months ago, yet apparently, the action from the government came to place only after a belated foreign intelligence feeding from certain countries that still find “Hashemites in power” as part of the Arab/Israeli peace process solution. In any case, I think it is about time the American/European taxpayers to realize where their money is going in Jordan.

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JANBEKSTER

1:17 AM ET

March 20, 2010

And where is the money going Samer?

Don't Jordanians use the modern infrastructures built in the country?. Don't Jordanians; even in the remotest corners of the country enjoy the services of water and electricity?. Hasn't health service reached even the remotest corners in the country?. Has the building of schools ever stopped in the country?. Doesn't Jordan boast the lowest rates of illeteracy in the region and probably far beyond?. Aren't there for 6 million Jordanians, 23 universities?. I could go on and on of course about where the money is gone or is going. Suddenly for inexplicable reasons, fighting corruption has become a conspiracy in Jordan?. I don't know what to say really!!, when the government fights corruption it is a surprise and we start talking about why it is fighting graft. When it doesn't it is accused of complaisancy. Dammned if you do and dammned if you don't. As i wrote above, foreign countries deal with Jordan according to their own interests, but the legitimacy of the regime in Jordan as well as in many other corners of the world is not really questionable.
khairi janbek.paris/france

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SAMERLIBDEH

12:33 PM ET

March 20, 2010

re - where is the money going Samer?

Since two decades, the US economic assistance to Jordan totaled around $6 billion, plus at least $2 billion in military assistance. Such huge sums failed to economically transform a small country in size of Maryland. The assistance was utilized mainly to maintain the regime's stability. Anti-americanism is in the highest rates compared to other countries, despite the fact that without such assistance, the regime would have collapsed within weeks. Clearly, it is not in the interest of the Hashemites to allow moderates or technocrats to function. They prefer to show the world that the Islamists are the only alternative, which is not the case. Furthermore, corruption is not limited to economic/political spheres. The security establishment is in deep crisis and its elites continue to resist reform. The khost attack showed how incapable the establishment was in determining who fits as a case officer for al-Qaeda operative. Al-Balawi and Sharif Zaid have nothing in common – socio-economically or culturally. Apparently, the only reason Zaid was chosen for the operation is just because he is a relative to the king, and perhaps, seeking a historic achievement for the ruling family.

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JANBEKSTER

6:08 PM ET

March 20, 2010

Jordan from start.

Jordan from creation under late King Abdullah Ist., then under late King Talal with its first modern constitution, then under late King Hussein when Jordanians from all religions and origins gathered around the Hashemite rule in the battle for survival of the country, and now under HM King Abdullah IInd., when Jordanians from all religions and origins are gather around the Hashemite leadership of the country, in the battle of putting Jordan on the map of the civilised world, yet, your good self claims that Jordan is not transformed?. A pioneer in the region in multi-party democracy, a pioneer in cultural and inter-religious dialogue, one of the pioneers of being a market for press and publications, a pioneer also in market reform, your good self may agree or disagree with some policies, I myself may agree or disagree with some of the policies, but ultimately the transformations in Jordan are avaible for all to see from the times of humble beginnings.

Well, when was it last that Maryland was actually threatened with its existence since the Amercian civil war?. Wasn't this always the case with Jordan, so that it can enjoy the luxury of being a Maryland. Good for Maryland residents, but the history of struggle is rather different between the two notions.

Of course Jordan is dependent on economic aid from foreign countries as well as from Arab brethren, and what is wrong with that?. Hasn't Jordan under generations of Hashemites been the lynchpin of moderation, stability, and compassion for the region as well as for the Jordanian people?. Aren't Jordanians and Jordan, best qualified to proceed on the path of reform and modernisation despite the meagre resources of the country, and must be supported by friends and brothers to achieve such goals?. In whose interests it would, to call on the friends and brothers of Jordan to end their support?. To solve the Palestinian problem at the expense of the Palestinians as well as the Jordanians, and plant the seeds of further bloodshed in the region, for the pleasure of Israel; which, incidentally with billions of Dollars poured into its coffers by its backers, remains a belligerent country of occupation. Ney, I would say, Jordan needs the support of its brethren ans its friends, because the stability of Jordan and the prosperity of Jordanians, are equal to peace and stability in the Middle East. After all, Greece a member of the EU, is a few hours away from declaring itself bankrupt, and wants to rush to the IMF, and we blame Jordan?.

Jordan is a country like any other, therefore it should be looked at in lumpsum. Meaning, there are good things as well as bad things about it, hence, the importance of emphasising and working to entrench the good, and with the same zeal, try to uproot the bad, but that doesn't happen with questioning the legitimacy of the regime and/or the existence of the country.

Finally, the Hashemites; throughout their history have provided martyrs in the Islamic and Arab causes, so does it really matter Samer, at which alter of martyrdom the Hashemite family offers one of its sons or daughters?
khairi janbek.paris/france

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SINAI_ROSEFINCH

3:39 AM ET

March 21, 2010

Re: What reforms

The legitimacy of any regime comes into question when it cannot justify its authority. Only dictators who assume sole and absolute powers and oppress and abuse their people feel justified not answering to anyone. The rest, including leaders of the most powerful nations like USA, UK and France, all strive to justify their legitimacy at the ballot box. Otherwise, they will be voted out for not meeting their people’s expectations. Do Jordanians have a similar mechanism to vote their leaders out of office? Why not? Is there a chance, perhaps a small probability, that if fair and transparent elections are held, that Jordanians would elect better leaders who are more capable of running the country, managing its resources more efficiently, and are at least accountable for their actions? Or are Jordanians destined to one wave after another of hereditary un-elected leaders and prime ministers?

I think we are all in agreement about fighting corruption. The main issue, as was raised by Marc, is that these must be transparent and that they are not selective. If, as you say, the government’s action to ban media coverage is well-thought and noble, and is aimed purely at protecting the defendants and their families, then why wasn’t this done from the beginning? The government was actually very quick to announce the names of the defendants and scandalise them before they are tried, and left it to the street to pass its judgment. Why is it that only the Chairman of the Board of the Refinery has been detained? What about the responsibility of the rest of the Board if there is any wrong doing? Surely any decision affecting the refinery would have been approved by the Board? These are the sort of questions, amongst others, that independent journalists should be free to ask.

This is all an absolute embarrassment. At best, it shows an incompetent and negligent leadership scrambling for cover and a way out. At worst, it suggests their involvement in a sinister and deliberate attempt to manipulate the judiciary, force a pro-government outcome, and tarnish the reputation of selected people. Either way, it is a fiasco and shows that these leaders are not fit to govern.

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JANBEKSTER

11:59 AM ET

March 21, 2010

re-Jordan and legitimacy.

Jordan is a constitutional hereditary monarchy, therefore it should be judged according to its constitution rather the constitutions of other nations. A country with meagre resources, having come around to the world scene 90 years ago, can hardly be compared to countries with centuries of democratic practices. In any case, democracy is not an ido to worshiped, because it is a means to an end and not an end in itself.

It is as your good self knows, a long process and learning experience, and Jordan has always declared; as said on various occasions by HM King Abduallh IInd, that the democratic process is irreversible. Certainly the process has suffered ebbs and flows, and it is indeed disappointing; particularly to Jordanians when there are ebbs in the process, and many reasons to jubilate when there are flows. Jordan can look with pride at the long way it has come along since the days of martial laws; barely 20 years ago.

As for the current case of corruption, it is neither correct to questions the legitimacy of the regime for normal case of criminal procedures, not to accuse the government of ineptitude because it is doing its job. Indeed, there was a case before in which officials and businessmen were accused of money laundering, and thr Jordanian media and press really, almost jeoperdised the case at the time, by false accusations and the rumors of "guilt by association". If the current government has learnt anything from that, then I would say they are acting wisely.

Though one is neither a journalist nor a writer, nor represnting anyone by oneself, I must say that I agree with the multitude of Jordanian writers, for the right to know, but ultimately, let us wait and see how the investigation develops. Whether there is nobility or not, one cannot say, because one cannot read a government's mind.
khairi janbek.paris/france

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SINAI_ROSEFINCH

10:11 AM ET

March 22, 2010

Re: irreversible democray

It is interesting how the same official line of argument is repeated whenever this issue is raised. 90 years is not a trivial time in the life of a nation. There are many examples from around the world where small nations have transitioned from the dark ages into modern democracies in less than half that time frame. It was possible because of political will and a competent leadership that had a vision and a forward looking strategy to achieve that vision. It was through respect for human rights and freedom of speech, empowerment of all classes of society, and encouraging the development of civil institutions. The government’s recent handling of the teachers’ request for a union serves as a good example. What is so wrong with teachers having a union that represents their interests? Does such a request warrant the inhumane and degrading response that the teachers received from the Minister of Education? Is this how one promotes civil institutions and pushes forward with “irreversible” democracy? It is one embarrassing performance after another from a government crippled by arrogance and lack of vision. This is how some of the Arab media is poking fun at its performance:

http://www.alraimedia.com/alrai/Article.aspx?id=191577&searchText=ابو

The leaders of Jordan can say all they want about their intentions. In the end, history (and their own people) will judge them by the actions they take. If Jordan is a constitutional democracy, then its leaders should respect that and keep a Parliament in place at all times. They cannot selectively adopt what they like about the system and throw out other aspects that may not be to their liking.

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JANBEKSTER

1:29 PM ET

March 22, 2010

In Fairness to Jordan.

Actually had one been an official or in any official capacity, more than reprsenting one's humble self, in all likelihood I would have been more aware of the Jordanian government's arguments/counter arguments.

As your good self may well know, there is no blueprint for democracy, therefore the advantage it allows for, always provides room to manouvre as well as for idiosyncracies. Jordan is certainly on the path of democratisation and it cannot be reversed in terms of going back to martial laws, and I would say granted there are commonalities in democratic practices, but also differences which depend on the political conciousness of the populace of the country, as well as their learning experience of civil action movements. Indeed 90 years may well not be a short time, but please remeber that, the learning experience of civil society and rights movements in modern capitalist societies, developed over more than one hundred years in the mother of all parliaments, and probably twice as much as the age of Jordan, in other modern democratic countries.

We must not be blind to the fact that, Jordan has come a long way sicne the end of martial laws in the late 1980s; especially in the last few years, and of course it still has a long way to go, but if your good self has noticed, all those democratic reforms have been due to the personal involvement of the leadership of the country, in the hope that eventually, civil society and rights movements may get strong and confident enough, to push for reforms from grass roots level upwards.

On a personal note, one doesn't see anything wrong with the teachers having their own association, and I am sure that, both the teachers and the government will come to a mutually acceptable resolution to this current situation. I still believe that accusations of ineptitude really have no place in either this or any other argument about the situation in Jordan. I am not saying that because I have priviliged information or for being more aware than the average reader, but because I know a little bit about Jordan and Jordanians.

As far as the Parliament is concerned, there are constitutional limits which prohibit the country to exist without parliament. In any case there are new elections if I read correctly, before the end of this year, and according to a new elections law if I am not mistaken.
khairi janbek,paris/france

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Marc Lynch is associate professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University.

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