Introduction :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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Carib Indians occupied the islands of the West Indies for hundreds of years before the British began settlement in 1623. In 1967, the island territory of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla became an associated state of the UK with full internal autonomy. The island of Anguilla rebelled and was allowed to secede in 1971. The remaining islands achieved independence in 1983 as Saint Kitts and Nevis. In 1998, a referendum on Nevis to separate from Saint Kitts fell short of the two-thirds majority vote needed. Nevis continues in its efforts to separate from Saint Kitts.
Geography :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
17 20 N, 62 45 W
Central America and the Caribbean
total: 261 sq km (Saint Kitts 168 sq km; Nevis 93 sq km)
land: 261 sq km
water: 0 sq km
country comparison to the world: 212
1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
0 km
135 km
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
tropical, tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
volcanic with mountainous interiors
mean elevation: NA
elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mount Liamuiga 1,156 m
arable land
agricultural land: 23.1%
arable land 19.2%; permanent crops 0.4%; permanent pasture 3.5%
forest: 42.3%
other: 34.6% (2011 est.)
8 sq km (2012)
population clusters are found in the small towns located on the periphery of both islands
hurricanes (July to October)
NA
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
smallest country in the Americas and Western Hemisphere; with coastlines in the shape of a baseball bat and ball, the two volcanic islands are separated by a 3-km-wide channel called The Narrows; on the southern tip of long, baseball bat-shaped Saint Kitts lies the Great Salt Pond; Nevis Peak sits in the center of its almost circular namesake island and its ball shape complements that of its sister island
People and Society :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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52,329 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 210
noun: Kittitian(s), Nevisian(s)
adjective: Kittitian, Nevisian
predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese
English (official)
Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic
0-14 years: 20.61% (male 5,408/female 5,379)
15-24 years: 14.82% (male 3,767/female 3,987)
25-54 years: 44.85% (male 12,028/female 11,443)
55-64 years: 11.38% (male 2,972/female 2,983)
65 years and over: 8.34% (male 2,000/female 2,362) (2016 est.)
population pyramid:
Central America and Caribbean
::SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
Population Pyramid
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
total: 34.5 years
male: 34.7 years
female: 34.3 years (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
0.75% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
13.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
population clusters are found in the small towns located on the periphery of both islands
urban population: 32% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
BASSETERRE (capital) 14,000 (2014)
at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
total: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
total population: 75.7 years
male: 73.3 years
female: 78.2 years (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
1.78 children born/woman (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
5.1% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 117
2.3 beds/1,000 population (2012)
improved:
urban: 98.3% of population
rural: 98.3% of population
total: 98.3% of population
unimproved:
urban: 1.7% of population
rural: 1.7% of population
total: 1.7% of population (2015 est.)
improved:
urban: 87.3% of population
rural: 87.3% of population
total: 87.3% of population
unimproved:
urban: 12.7% of population
rural: 12.7% of population
total: 12.7% of population (2007 est.)
NA
NA
NA
28.4% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 11
4.2% of GDP (2007)
country comparison to the world: 105
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2014)
Government :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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conventional long form: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis
conventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevis
former: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
etymology: Saint Kitts was, and still is, referred to as Saint Christopher and this name was well established by the 17th century (although who first applied the name is unclear); in the 17th century a common nickname for Christopher was Kit or Kitt, so the island began to be referred to as "Saint Kitt's Island" or just "Saint Kitts"; Nevis is derived from the original Spanish name "Nuestra Senora de las Nieves" (Our Lady of the Snows) and refers to the white halo of clouds that generally wreathes Nevis Peak
federal parliamentary democracy (National Assembly) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
name: Basseterre
geographic coordinates: 17 18 N, 62 43 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
14 parishes; Christ Church Nichola Town, Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint George Gingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capesterre, Saint John Figtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capesterre, Saint Paul Charlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, Saint Thomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point
19 September 1983 (from the UK)
Independence Day, 19 September (1983)
several previous (preindependence); latest presented 22 June 1983, effective 23 June 1983 (2016)
English common law
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 14 years
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor General Samuel W.T. SEATON (since 2 September 2015); note - SEATON was acting Governor General from 20 May to 2 September 2015
head of government: Prime Minister Timothy HARRIS (since 18 February 2015); Deputy Prime Minister Shawn RICHARDS (since 22 February 2015)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by governor general in consultation with prime minister
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by governor general
description: unicameral National Assembly (14 seats; 11 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote and 3 appointed by the governor general; members serve 5-year terms)
elections: last held on 16 February 2015 (next to be held by 2020)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PAM 4, SKNLP 3, CCM 2, PLP 1, NRP 1
highest court(s): the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is the itinerant superior court of record for the 9-member Organization of Eastern Caribbean States, which includes Saint Kitts and Nevis; the ECSC - with its headquarters on St. Lucia - is headed by the chief justice and comprised of the Court of Appeal with 3 justices and the High Court with 16 judges; sittings of the Court of Appeal and High Court rotate among the member states; 2 High Court judges reside on Saint Kitts and Nevis; note - the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court in 2003 replaced the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) as the final court of appeal on Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Kitts and Nevis is also a member of the Caribbean Court of Justice
judge selection and term of office: chief justice of Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court appointed by the Her Majesty, Queen ELIZABETH II; other justices and judges appointed by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission, an independent body of judicial officials; Court of Appeal justices appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 65; High Court judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: magistrates' courts
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY]
Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]
People's Action Movement or PAM [Shawn RICHARDS]
People's Labour Party or PLP [Timothy HARRIS]
Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
NA
ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, Petrocaribe, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador Thelma Patricia PHILLIP-BROWNE (since 28 January 2016)
chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 686-2636
FAX: [1] (202) 686-5740
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
the US does not have an embassy in Saint Kitts and Nevis; the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Saint Kitts and Nevis
divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red; green signifies the island's fertility, red symbolizes the struggles of the people from slavery, yellow denotes year-round sunshine, and black represents the African heritage of the people; the white stars stand for the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, but can also express hope and liberty, or independence and optimism
brown pelican, Royal Poinciana (Flamboyant) tree; national colors: green, yellow, red, black, white
name: "Oh Land of Beauty!"
lyrics/music: Kenrick Anderson GEORGES
note: adopted 1983
Economy :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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The economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis depends on tourism; since the 1970s, tourism has replaced sugar as the economy’s traditional mainstay. Roughly 200,000 tourists visited the islands in 2009, but reduced tourism arrivals and foreign investment led to an economic contraction in 2009-2013, and the economy returned to growth only in 2014. Like other tourist destinations in the Caribbean, St. Kitts and Nevis is vulnerable to damage from natural disasters and shifts in tourism demand.
Following the 2005 harvest, the government closed the sugar industry after several decades of losses. To compensate for lost jobs, the government has embarked on a program to diversify the agricultural sector and to stimulate other sectors of the economy, such as export-oriented manufacturing and offshore banking. The government has made notable progress in reducing its public debt, from 154% of GDP in 2011 to 83% in 2013, although it still faces one of the highest levels in the world, largely attributable to public enterprise losses.
$1.427 billion (2016 est.)
$1.378 billion (2015 est.)
$1.313 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 200
$955 million (2015 est.)
3.5% (2016 est.)
5% (2015 est.)
6.1% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
$25,500 (2016 est.)
$24,600 (2015 est.)
$23,900 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 76
12.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
12.8% of GDP (2015 est.)
13.2% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
household consumption: 58.7%
government consumption: 20.4%
investment in fixed capital: 29.8%
investment in inventories: 0%
exports of goods and services: 34%
imports of goods and services: -42.9% (2016 est.)
agriculture: 1.3%
industry: 27.2%
services: 71.5% (2016 est.)
sugarcane, rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fish
tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages
6% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
18,170 (June 1995 est.)
country comparison to the world: 212
4.5% (1997)
country comparison to the world: 45
NA%
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
revenues: $370.4 million
expenditures: $333.3 million (2016 est.)
38.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 41
3.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
83% of GDP (2013 est.)
144% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
calendar year
-1.1% (2016 est.)
-2.3% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
6.5% (31 December 2009)
6.5% (31 December 2008)
country comparison to the world: 55
9.4% (31 December 2016 est.)
9.3% (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
$250.4 million (31 December 2016 est.)
$231.2 million (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
$1.222 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$1.121 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
$777.8 million (31 December 2016 est.)
$740.7 million (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
$598.4 million (31 December 2011)
$598.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)
$623.9 million (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 111
-$164 million (2016 est.)
-$112 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
$60.7 million (2016 est.)
$61.3 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 200
machinery, food, electronics, beverages, tobacco
US 44.4%, Poland 14.6%, Bangladesh 10.1%, Azerbaijan 4.3% (2015)
$244.5 million (2016 est.)
$240.3 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 204
machinery, manufactures, food, fuels
US 37.7%, Trinidad and Tobago 22.7%, Barbados 4.4% (2015)
$187.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)
$168.3 million (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -
2.7 (2016 est.)
2.7 (2015 est.)
2.7 (2014 est.)
2.7 (2013 est.)
2.7 (2012 est.)
Energy :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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200 million kWh (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
200 million kWh (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
0 kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
0 kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
64,200 kW (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 187
95.2% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 170
4.8% of total installed capacity (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188
0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
0 bbl (1 January 2016 es)
country comparison to the world: 131
0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
1,900 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 195
0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
1,907 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 191
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
0 cu m (1 January 2014 es)
country comparison to the world: 130
300,000 Mt (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 194
Communications :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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total subscriptions: 19,748
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 185
total: 73,000
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 141 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 196
general assessment: good interisland and international connections
domestic: interisland links via ECFS; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004; fixed-line teledensity about 40 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity is roughly 140 per 100 persons
international: country code - 1-869; connected internationally by the East ECFS and Southern Caribbean Fiber submarine cables (2015)
the government operates a national TV network that broadcasts on 2 channels; cable subscription services provide access to local and international channels; the government operates a national radio network; a mix of government-owned and privately owned br (2007)
.kn
total: 39,000
percent of population: 75.7% (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
Transportation :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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V4 (2016)
2 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 209
total: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
total: 50 km
narrow gauge: 50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts for tourists (2008)
country comparison to the world: 132
total: 383 km
paved: 163 km
unpaved: 220 km (2002)
country comparison to the world: 202
total: 152
by type: bulk carrier 16, cargo 81, chemical tanker 4, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, liquefied gas 3, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 7, petroleum tanker 27, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1
foreign-owned: 73 (Belgium 1, China 1, Egypt 1, Greece 2, India 2, Japan 2, Malaysia 1, Norway 3, Pakistan 1, Russia 13, Singapore 10, Turkey 18, UAE 8, UK 1, Ukraine 8, US 1) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 38
major seaport(s): Basseterre, Charlestown
Military and Security :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs, National Security, Labour, Immigration, and Social Security: Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Defense Force (includes Coast Guard), Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force (2013)
18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2012)
Transnational Issues :: SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
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joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity