Think Again: Intelligence

I served in the CIA for 28 years and I can tell you: America's screw-ups come from bad leaders, not lousy spies.

BY PAUL R. PILLAR | JAN/FEB 2012

"Presidents Make Decisions Based on Intelligence."

Not the big ones. From George W. Bush trumpeting WMD reports about Iraq to this year's Republican presidential candidates vowing to set policy in Afghanistan based on the dictates of the intelligence community, Americans often get the sense that their leaders' hands are guided abroad by their all-knowing spying apparatus. After all, the United States spends about $80 billion on intelligence each year, which provides a flood of important guidance every week on matters ranging from hunting terrorists to countering China's growing military capabilities. This analysis informs policymakers' day-to-day decision-making and sometimes gets them to look more closely at problems, such as the rising threat from al Qaeda in the late 1990s, than they otherwise would.

On major foreign-policy decisions, however, whether going to war or broadly rethinking U.S. strategy in the Arab world (as President Barack Obama is likely doing now), intelligence is not the decisive factor. The influences that really matter are the ones that leaders bring with them into office: their own strategic sense, the lessons they have drawn from history or personal experience, the imperatives of domestic politics, and their own neuroses. A memo or briefing emanating from some unfamiliar corner of the bureaucracy hardly stands a chance.

Besides, one should never underestimate the influence of conventional wisdom. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his inner circle received the intelligence community's gloomy assessments of South Vietnam's ability to stand on its own feet, as well as comparably pessimistic reports from U.S. military leaders on the likely cost and time commitment of a U.S. military effort there. But they lost out to the domino theory -- the idea that if South Vietnam fell to communism, a succession of other countries in the developing world would as well. President Harry Truman decided to intervene in Korea based on the lessons of the past: the Allies' failure to stand up to the Axis powers before World War II and the West's postwar success in firmly responding to communist aggression in Greece and Berlin. President Richard Nixon's historic opening to China was shaped by his brooding in the political wilderness about great-power strategy and his place in it. The Obama administration's recent drumbeating about Iran is largely a function of domestic politics. Advice from Langley, for better or worse, had little to do with any of this.

Alex Wong/Getty Images

 SUBJECTS:
 

Paul R. Pillar, deputy director of the CIA’s Counterterrorist Center from 1997 to 1999, teaches in the Security Studies Program at Georgetown University and is author of Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Iraq, 9/11, and Misguided Reform.

Facebook|Twitter|Reddit

WILSON DIZARD III

3:55 PM ET

January 3, 2012

The source of the terms unknown unknowns & known unknowns

Good article; though it might have been more convincing with a few more mea culpas. The intelligence community still seems to shroud itself in seven veils of secrecy, when three or four would do.

Sometimes this reflexive default to secrecy approaches the ironic, as when a recently-launched open source intelligence center was shielded under what Maxwell Smart would call, "the cone of silence."

But: as for according the criminal Rumsfeld credit for the term "unknown unknowns:" not likely.

That term actually originated in the early days of the Apollo moon landing program. At the time, NASA scientists and engineers had vast areas of missing knowledge about conditions affecting human life in space and on the moon, including but not limited to the terrain and seismic qualities of the moon's surface, the various forms of radiation that astronauts might encounter &c.

These imponderables resolves themselves into categories of information that could at least be defined and other categories that defied analysis.

Rumsfeld's brazen hijacking of this term, from some Americans who really cared about the fact that they were sending their fellow countrymen into harm's way, stands as a wholly characteristic affront by the murderous George W. Bush clique to some hard working and honest people.

  REPLY
 

ITHEJURY

2:38 AM ET

January 12, 2012

paul pillar article

dizzard3 suggests pillar's article "...might have been more convincing with..."

could add pillar's article might have been more convincing (or worth reading) IF it read like something other than a patronizing grabbag of flabby aphorisms from a superannuated retiree. was there ANYTHING in this article that anyone didn't already know or assume?

c'mon paul, you're not that old. you have been in positions to have observed and learned many things of interest; if you don't have anything to say, why not just keep your mouth shut until you do [ie, put up or shut up]?

rumsfeld was full of 'unknown unknowns' (and of himself), while pillar seems full of 'known knowns' -- would be a better article if some witting person were able to inform us about some 'unknown knowns'.

  REPLY
 

THE LINOLEUM SURFER

4:24 AM ET

January 4, 2012

It's true that WMD was never the only issue...

...but the intelligence was still wrong.

Perhaps it's also fair to say that the intelligence on Iraqi WMD was also labelled, usually at least, in the lowest category of human intelligence i.e., to be taken as part of a broader picture rather than relied upon as hard fact (although if it's not considered fact, why consider it as part of any picture?).

The problem with all this retrospective "we knew all along it was rubbish", from the likes of the author and former British intelligence chief John Scarlett, is that it didn't seem to bother them at the time. If a general is ordered to commit a war crime, we demand that he refuses even at risk to his own life, or we drag him before an international court. So is it not reasonable to ask an intelligence chief to merely speak out if he feels the material provided is being misunderstood or misused? After all, he only risks his career, and yet the consequences of failing to do so - massive, unnecessary loss of life - are the same.

It's perfectly correct that the politicians make the bad decisions. But when they do so clearly on the basis of overestimating the intelligence they've been given, it's the moral and civil duty of the agency that produced it to stand up and say "please don't rely on that, we know it's not very reliable". Of course that's embarrassing, but not half as much as the cowardly re-writing of their own history by former intelligence leaders while they search for their retirement consultancies.

  REPLY
 

EGMORIN

9:53 AM ET

January 6, 2012

WMD

Have you seen "Fair Game"? If not, go. Run. Watch it.

  REPLY
 

F1FAN

9:19 AM ET

January 4, 2012

Hindsight is always 20/20

I love how publicly statements from politicians, the heads of the CIA, etc all come out saying one thing but then months after and when it turns out to have been dead wrong the 'intelligence community' says 'oh, we knew that info was bad all along. Those darn politicians.' does no one recall George Tenet calling Iraq's WMDs a 'Slam Dunk' isn't the Director the CIA part of the 'intelligence community'?

The CIA is and has been a failure and an economic drain for the United States.

  REPLY
 

JOHN PREWETT

10:42 AM ET

January 4, 2012

CIA MASTER

http://www.mosquitonet.com/~prewett/amdemcia.html

Or just stay stupid/ignorant.

  REPLY
 

JAMSB3

9:42 PM ET

January 5, 2012

Think For Once

Why can't America ask the right question? Pillar goes halfway down the plank and trips, Whoops, I didn't mean to question your reason for being. If I may apologize, it ain't enough.

Like 95% of the wizened skeptics outside of Counterpunch, Pillar punches a lot but rarely connects because he doesn't want to. America's failures are about its assumptions. Whether it's Vietnam, Iran, or Iraq, American intelligence regarding these nations is about confirming American paranoia. Vietmanese soldiers are Commie tools. Iranian fear is American beauty. Iraqi soldiers are tools of the Great Satan.

If this sounds familiar...........It's because American foreign policy is consistently stupid, or as better known, familiar.

  REPLY
 

AWARENESS

3:41 PM ET

January 6, 2012

Being Aware of your intelligence

" I served in the CIA for 28 years and I can tell you: America's screw-ups come from bad leaders, not lousy spies."

What kind of BULLSHIT is this anyway? A LOUSY spy is much more believable than a bad LEADER.

That is one thing that America is famous for, and that is TEAMWORK.
Everybody MAY have their say.
A government with minimal input is just like a crippled person with a big mouth , but only slowly ging forth.

A screw up, is when your goal has the ability to become a fact, when human beings are not involved.

A lousy government, now that can REALLY BE a fact.
But a country is ALWAYS innocent consisting of millions of beautiful innocent people.

  REPLY
 

MARCIAFLORES

7:20 PM ET

January 6, 2012

Intelligence

i Agree in write about the abilities of US enemies or rivals, ignorant people accuse me of propaganda for the other side. The second sentence of the second paragraph captures most of America's problems with Idiots in Chief who think they understand strategy and the lessons of history, but they follow domestic opinion and their fears of mistakes instead of gathering accurate information about themselves and the other side(s) and creating a coherent, positive plan. In many cases, the US has armchair generals who don't know the limits of US capabilities and have no knowledge of the terrain, distances, or climate of a projected action..... pecas aeronaves

  REPLY
 

BGFNDPA98FSA

7:45 PM ET

January 6, 2012

very good web: ===

very good web: === http://www.plzzshop.com

The website wholesale for many kinds of fashion shoes, like the nike, jordan, prada, also including the jeans, shirts, bags, hat and the decorations.

All the products are free shipping, and the the price is competitive, and also can accept the paypal payment., After the payment, can ship within short time.

We will give you a discount

WE ACCEPT PYAPAL PAYMENT

YOU MUST NOT MISS IT!!!

=== http://www.plzzshop.com

thank you!!!

Believe you will love it.

We have good reputation, fashion products,

come here quickly== http://www.plzzshop.com

Opportunity knocks but once

  REPLY
 

AWARENESS

7:14 AM ET

January 7, 2012

INTRUDER

Our Intruder:very good web: === http://www.plzzshop.com

THis is now on my blacklist.

ANTIQUES PERFUMES CLOTHING IS ONLY WORTH WHAT IT IS WORTH.

In fact you have junk in your homes which ONLY "UPGRADED" in our little old minds.
From this day on you will become bankrupt. So it is said.

  REPLY
 

JUPITER

7:51 PM ET

January 7, 2012

Not lousy spies huh?

I'm no expert, but letting a suicide bomber into a CIA outpost? Your entire Lebanon payroll getting rolled by Hizbollah? Having an Iranian-American spy hang out in the Bagram BX one month, then sending him into Tehran the next?

Sure sounds like lousy spywork to me. I'd much rather read an article explaining such recent high-profile Intelligence failures than hearing yet another former official shift the blame on Iraq and 911.

  REPLY
 

BEINGTHERE

5:31 PM ET

January 8, 2012

Many troubling capers, screw-ups exploded in Afghanistan

Taliban Impostors ... Raymond Davis ... the double agent taking down the eight CIA agents, and so on. I recall Petraeus, then commander in the region, hiding a smirk when he talked about the Taliban impostor who made off will millions of U.S. taxpayer dollars. Did it not really happen? Was it a planted story by the CIA to confuse the enemy? The guy on the street doesn't need or want to know all the tactics and spy magic used by the agency. But when big media stories involving the U.S. splash internationally, taxpayers deserve more than a "We-knew-it-all-along" response from a self-aggrandizing military wonk who has spent his entire life on the public dole. I think someone else mentioned this proclivity of the CIA to shrug and pretend they had the goods all along when the truth comes out about their failures. This makes the agency appear even weaker.

  REPLY
 

VCHALETS

12:50 AM ET

January 8, 2012

budget cuts

Did you say $80Billion on intelligence? Was that the number back when we had the September 11 incident just a decade ago, or since then? Good gracious I can't believe how much we spend to find out how many this or how many that. What upsets me is when we do find out what country is up to what, then we spend more money trying to do what? So much for getting ouf of debt anytime soon. This country is going to heck in a vintagehandbag thanks to our leaders. Twenty eight years in the CIA, I hope you have a great retirement package.

  REPLY
 

BEINGTHERE

3:48 PM ET

January 8, 2012

Will a quasi-celebrity at the helm help or harm the work?

Now that Petraeus is director, more attention than ever is likely to be focused on the agency. It seems incongruous that someone so needy for the spotlight heads a spy agency. This may not be a negative, though, having a self-serving, ruthless guy at the helm. He has the reputation for doing great things, more in Iraq than in Afghanistan, and a lot of that noise is due to his own self-promotion. Maybe he can do the same image-building for the CIA. Time will tell, if King David is reappointed by the Commander-in-Chief he so publicly and arrogantly challenged about the war. People flying close to the sun are always entertaining to observe.

As for agency operations and other costs to taxpayers, does anyone actually know this number? I expect Pillar to defend his former employer - or may be's still doing some moonlighting - but a more fascinating and informative piece would be more objective and less defensive. I enjoyed the reading, but I felt all along that it was based on half-truths, similar to reports from the Afghan War detailing how many Taliban leaders were killed and omitting the number of children whose faces had been blown off.

  REPLY
 

TARTANMARINE

10:34 AM ET

January 10, 2012

Bad Leaders and Bad Spies

I think we often have both bad spies and bad leaders, because we balk at having serious people in these positions. I highly recommend “Advice to War Presidents” by Angelo Codevilla. I’d be happy to buy a copy for Obama and the GOP challengers—if they’d read it. I will link to this from my Old Jarhead blog.

Robert A. Hall
Author: The Coming Collapse of the American Republic
All royalties go to help wounded veterans
For a free PDF of my book, write tartanmarine(at)gmail.com

  REPLY
 

HECTORGREG11

1:49 PM ET

January 11, 2012

always the leadership

the leadership always takes the blame, but I think that it is rightfully so. the red tape that limits our leaders from taking action and forces them to focus solely on re-election and not on improving the country. Our world has become a short sighted world where we only focus on the short term and nothing to do with the long term austin usedcars...time to focus on the greater good and making things better for future generations. Leave it better than you found it, is always what my momma told me.

  REPLY
 

RALPH HITCHENS

2:25 PM ET

January 11, 2012

Right about some things, wrong about others

Pillar is correct that policymakers come with broad perspectives and alternative information sources that have shaped their views, which may or may not be all that much affected by the intelligence they receive. But as he himself admits, quoting Wolfowitz, the WMD intelligence (in the 2002 NIE) was the one thing on which all the senior administration officials could agree. That intelligence was deeply flawed, & Pillar had a hand in it, if I recall correctly. Had, for example, DOE Intelligence joined the State Dept. INR in taking a footnote on the nuclear issues -- as nearly every working analyst in DOE wanted to do -- the NIE might have hit a serious rock before publication, hampering the administration's timetable & their ability to put Powell in front of the UN as well as extract the AUMF from Congress.

A more serious example of bad intelligence that Pillar neglects is the criminally stupid application of "need to know" with regard to vital information the CIA obtained from the now-famous al-Qaeda meeting in Malaysia -- that two known terrorists had multiple-entry US visas. Had this information been shared with FBI (who's representatives at CTC were in the know but not the Bureau itself), it would have been possible to track these terrorists when they entered the US a few months later and spent nearly a year in cellphone contact with Atta and the other conspirators before getting on airliners on 9/11. We had a chance to abort the whole plot, but the intelligence mantra of "need to know" triumphed and nearly 3,000 Americans died.

  REPLY
 

LEETCH2

2:35 PM ET

January 11, 2012

intelligence failures

You can go online and see a million stories about the CIA and talk about our national intelligence and so many stories conflict with one another. How are you ever supposed to get to the truth?

  REPLY
 

09BAYKID

1:12 AM ET

January 14, 2012

Intelligence cannot conquer stupidity

Do political concerns often trump logical analysis? Of course.

However, I do not share Mr. Pillar’s faith in the accuracy of the people who make up the “intelligence community.” He references Bush’s trumpeting of intelligence reports on WMD–but have we forgotten that it was CIA Director George Tenet who gave us the infamous “slam dunk” quote?

As badly as the military has bungled our wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, shouldn’t some of the blame for our woeful lack of useful tactical intelligence fall on the members of this “intelligence community,” both inside and outside of DOD? I seen a post at mamaws primitives about the problem of political preferences is probably compounded by inaccurate or conflicting intelligence estimates than by presidents willfully ignoring solid intelligence.

  REPLY
 

TIMING

8:48 AM ET

January 19, 2012

2 things

iraq was fully justified..only the pretext was wrong and that was largely to get around a blocking and hostile UN.....

Given the context of that time, going after saddam was more than justified...even the iraqi people themselves wanted the US to come relieve them of their mad dog...anyhow, the reasons for going after saddam were many what with russian out of work nuke scientists guns for hire, post 9/11 world, saddam had already used wmd's on his own people, he was slaughtering killing, butchering, torturing(waterboarding would have been a picnic to saddam), etc...the US and all countries went after qaddafI for faaaaar less.....

second, how about the RIDICULOUS NIE 2007 scam of a document....16 agencies ALL got iran wrong ? they said iran's nuke program was halted, ,and we now know, clearly it wasnt. fordow? qom? new centrifuges being designed? weaponization studies? ballistic missile improvement? come on....that NIE of 2007 was a complete disgrace.

  REPLY
 

SUPAH

3:25 AM ET

January 20, 2012

One can

One can only assume that at when someone is a leader or close to it at the CIA, that their ego's and Self Confidence would be through the roof. Power gets to the heads of nearly everyone, and when it does to people in control of extremely sensitive tasks, there could be failures on a grand scale.

  REPLY
 

GOOGOOYOU

7:13 PM ET

January 23, 2012

not bad leaders

Aside from Pillar's regurgitation of worn out excuses and self-indulgent pats on the back, I agree with some of his points. I take exception to the notion, though, of "bad leaders", as every Administration makes poor, sometimes detrimental, decisions. Intelligence will always be focused on the priorities of the seated Administration. When an Administration prioritizes its goals on something, the intelligence community tends to over divert its resources towards that end at the expense of most everything else, especially the CIA, which covets the Presidential Daily Brief (PDB) as its own. The PDB focuses on the sexy issues du jour qua the Administration's priorities, so it is no wonder the CIA focuses so much of its attention towards feeding the PDB. It, like any govt organization, has to justify its existence, and there is no better way of showing the Administration it is meeting priorities than in the PDB. So, yes, any seated Administration has lots to be blamed if something that is not a priority happens, but so does the intelligence community. The CIA seems to have a terrible history of dropping everything and everyone, when the issue or those people no longer remain an Administration priority. It is easy to blame the "bad leader", rather than take responsibility for dropping all the balls in favor of fetching a stick for the master.

lousy spies: it seems with the reported worldwide roll up of so many CIA sources and infiltrations of CIA operating bases, the endless pot of money has created lousy spies, or at least bad trade craft. The fact is, the intelligence community has spent lots of money on developing lousy spies over the past decade since 9/11, granted in response to meeting the Administrations' priorities. The intelligence community, though, needs to check its ego, a step which seems foreign to Pillar, less it continue to breed future generations of hubris laden Andrew Warrens. The intelligence community has to balance providing the Administration with what it wants to know with what it needs to know, which aren't always the same nor consistent with Administration priorities.

  REPLY
 

TOMMYER

8:47 AM ET

January 26, 2012

CIA

This may not be a negative, though, having a self-serving, ruthless guy at the helm. He has the reputation for doing great things, more in Iraq than in Afghanistan, and a lot of that noise is due to his own self-promotion. Maybe he can do the same image-building for the CIA garment steamer reviews

  REPLY