Hispanic Poverty & Inequality
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Doug Massey -
David Grusky -
Tomás Jiménez -
Beth Mattingly
Leaders: David Grusky, Tomás Jiménez, Doug Massey, Beth Mattingly
This RG was created after the CPI received a sub-award to study Hispanic poverty, inequality, and mobility. The objective is to document key poverty and inequality trends, to begin the task of explaining what underlies them, and to then populate a new website, with the results coming out of this research.
We are taking on five lines of research under the leadership of both young and more distinguished scholars. The “basic trends” group is documenting key developments in Hispanic population distribution, income, education, poverty, employment, and “safety net” use; the “new generations” group is examining whether second and third generation immigrants are successfully incorporating into the labor market; the “social mobility” group is assessing whether Hispanics continue to have ample opportunities to improve their economic situation during their lifetime; the “social policy” group is examining how recent legal and policy changes have affected Hispanic natives and immigrants; and the “health” group is exploring the sources of deteriorating health among Hispanic immigrants and natives. The work of this RG was featured in a Pathways Magazine special report on poverty, inequality, and mobility among Hispanics.
Featured Examples
Hispanic Trends - CPI Research
| Title | Author | Media | |
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| How Ethnoraciality Matters: The View Inside Ethnoracial “Groups.” | Tomás R Jiménez, Corey Fields, Ariela Schachter |
How Ethnoraciality Matters: The View Inside Ethnoracial “Groups.”Author: Tomás R Jiménez, Corey Fields, Ariela SchachterPublisher: Sage Journal Date: 06/2015 The color line is still a central problem in the United States, as Du Bois declared more than a century ago. But economic, demographic, and social trends have subdivided it in ways that Du Bois could not have foreseen, creating tremendous intra-ethnoracial group diversity. A challenge for twenty-first-century scholarship is to make sense of the implications of growing intra-group diversity for the boundaries and meaning of group identity. Meeting this challenge requires treating intra-group diversity not merely as an outcome of various social processes. Intra-group diversity must also be seen as the origin of processes shaping the boundaries and meanings of group identities, as well as intergroup attitudes and relations. Meeting the challenge also necessitates adopting ethnographic and survey research practices that better capture the dynamism of the multiple color lines defining the American ethnoracial landscape and the implication of this dynamism for identity. |
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| The Waning Hispanic Health Paradox | Francisco Riosmena, Elisabeth Root, Jamie Humphrey, Emily Steiner, Rebecca Stubbs |
The Waning Hispanic Health ParadoxAuthor: Francisco Riosmena, Elisabeth Root, Jamie Humphrey, Emily Steiner, Rebecca StubbsPublisher: Date: 05/2015 |
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| Revisiting the "Americano Dream" | Van C. Tran | ||
| The “Chilling Effect” of America’s New Immigration Enforcement Regime | Francisco I. Pedraza, Ling Zhu |
The “Chilling Effect” of America’s New Immigration Enforcement RegimeAuthor: Francisco I. Pedraza, Ling ZhuPublisher: Date: 05/2015 |
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| The Real Hispanic Challenge | Douglas S. Massey |
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Hispanic Trends - CPI Working Papers
| Title | Author | Media | |
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| Immigrants Equilibriate Local Markets: Evidence from the Great Recession | Brian C. Cadena, Brian K. Kovak |
Immigrants Equilibriate Local Markets: Evidence from the Great RecessionAuthor: Brian C. Cadena, Brian K. KovakPublisher: Date: 06/2013 This paper demonstrates that low-skilled Mexican-born immigrants' location choices in the U.S. respond strongly to changes in local labor demand, and that this geographic elasticity helps equalize spatial differences in labor market outcomes for low-skilled native workers, who are much less responsive. We leverage the wage rigidity that occurred during Great Recession to identify the severity of local downturns, and our results confirm the standard finding that high-skilled populations are quite geographically responsive to employment opportunities while low-skilled populations are much less so. However, low-skilled immigrants, primarily those from Mexico, respond even more strongly than high-skilled native-born workers. These results are robust to a wide variety of controls, a pre-recession falsication test, and two instrumental variables strategies. A novel empirical test reveals that natives living in cities with a substantial Mexican-born population are insulated from the effects of local labor demand shocks compared to those in cities with few Mexicans. The reallocation of the Mexican-born workforce among these cities reduced the incidence of local demand shocks on low-skilled natives' employment outcomes by more than 40 percent. |
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| The New Latino Underclass: Immigration Enforcement as a Race-Making Institution | Douglas S. Massey |
The New Latino Underclass: Immigration Enforcement as a Race-Making InstitutionAuthor: Douglas S. MasseyPublisher: Date: 04/2012 Latinos have now surpassed African Americans as the nation’s largest minority group. Although Latinos have been in the country in significant numbers since the 1848 annexation of Northern Mexico, the Latino population has grown rapidly in recent decades as a result of immigration from Mexico and Central America, constituting 16.3% of the population in 2010. As their ranks have grown, Latinos in general and Mexicans in particular have been subjected to a variety of processes of racialization in public rhetoric and the media, and these have been associated with radical shifts in immigration and border policy, such that the U.S. immigration control system has become a major race-making institution for Latinos. This paper documents the progressive demonization of Latinos in the media, the rise of a harsh immigration enforcement regime, and the accompanying decline in the socioeconomic welfare of Latinos. In the end, the immigration enforcement system has come to affect Latinos in the same way that the criminal justice system affects blacks, further exacerbating intergroup inequalities and contributing to the growth of a new underclass in the United States. |
Hispanic Trends - Other Research
| Title | Author | Media | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spatial Assimilation in U.S. Cities and Communities? Emerging Patterns of Hispanic Segregation from Blacks and Whites | D. T. Lichter, D. Parisi, M. C. Taquino |
Spatial Assimilation in U.S. Cities and Communities? Emerging Patterns of Hispanic Segregation from Blacks and WhitesAuthor: D. T. Lichter, D. Parisi, M. C. TaquinoPublisher: Sage Publications Date: 07/2015 This article provides a geographically inclusive empirical framework for studying changing U.S. patterns of Hispanic segregation. Whether Hispanics have joined the American mainstream depends in part on whether they translate upward mobility into residence patterns that mirror the rest of the nation. Based on block and place data from the 1990–2010 decennial censuses, our results provide evidence of increasing spatial assimilation among Hispanics, both nationally and in new immigrant destinations. Segregation from whites declined across the urban size-of-place hierarchy and in new destinations. Hispanics are also less segregated from whites than from blacks, but declines in Hispanic-black segregation have exceeded declines in Hispanic-white segregation. This result is consistent with the notion of U.S. Hispanics as a racialized population—one in which members sometimes lack the freedom to join whites in better communities. Hispanic income was significantly associated with less segregation from whites, but income inequality alone does not explain overall Hispanic segregation, which remains high. The segmented assimilation of Hispanics that we observe supports two seemingly contradictory theories: both the idea that spatial assimilation can come from economic and cultural assimilation and the notion that economic mobility is no guarantee of residential integration.
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| The Buffering Hypothesis: Growing Diversity and Declining Black-White Segregation in America's Cities, Suburbs, and Small Towns? | Daniel T. Lichter , S. R. Sanders, K. M. Johnson, D. Parisi |
The Buffering Hypothesis: Growing Diversity and Declining Black-White Segregation in America's Cities, Suburbs, and Small Towns?Author: Daniel T. Lichter , S. R. Sanders, K. M. Johnson, D. ParisiPublisher: Date: 03/2015 The conventional wisdom is that racial diversity promotes positive race relations and reduces racial residential segregation between blacks and whites. We use data from the 1990–2010 decennial censuses and 2007–2011 ACS to test this so-called “buffering hypothesis.” We identify cities, suburbs, and small towns that are virtually all white, all black, all Asian, all Hispanic, and everything in between. The results show that the most racially diverse places—those with all four racial groups (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian) present—had the lowest black-white levels of segregation in 2010. Black-white segregation also declined most rapidly in the most racially diverse places and in places that experienced the largest recent increases in diversity. Support for the buffering hypothesis, however, is counterbalanced by continuing high segregation across cities and communities and by rapid white depopulation in the most rapidly diversifying communities. We argue for a new, spatially inclusive perspective on racial residential segregation. |
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| Vulnerable Populations and Transformative Law Teaching | Society of American Law Teachers, Golden Gate... |
Vulnerable Populations and Transformative Law TeachingAuthor: Society of American Law Teachers, Golden Gate...Publisher: Carolina Academic Press Date: 03/2011 The essays included in this volume began as presentations at the March 19–20, 2010 “Vulnerable Populations and Economic Realities” teaching conference organized and hosted by Golden Gate University School of Law and co-sponsored by the Society of American Law Teachers (SALT). That conference, generously funded by a grant from The Elfenworks Foundation, brought together law faculty, practitioners, and students to reexamine how issues of race, gender, sexual identity, nationality, disability, and generally—outsider status—are linked to poverty. Contributors have transformed their presentations into essays, offering a variety of roadmaps for incorporating these issues into the law school curriculum, both inside the classroom as well as in clinical and externship settings, study abroad, and social activism. These essays provide glimpses into “teaching moments,” both intentional and organic, to help trigger opportunities for students and faculty to question their own perceptions and experiences about who creates and interprets law, and who has access to power and the force of law. This book expands the parameters of law teaching so that this next generation of attorneys will be dedicated to their roles as public citizens, broadening the availability of justice. Contributors include: John Payton; Richard Delgado; Steven W. Bender; Sarah Valentine; Deborah Post and Deborah Zalesne; Gilbert Paul Carrasco; Michael L. Perlin and Deborah Dorfman; Robin R. Runge; Cynthia D. Bond; Florence Wagman Roisman; Doug Simpson; Anne Marie Harkins and Robin Clark; Douglas Colbert; Raquel Aldana and Leticia Saucedo, Marci Seville; Deirdre Bowen, Daniel Bonilla Maldonado, Kathleen Neal Cleaver, Colin Crawford, and James Forman, Jr.; Susan Rutberg; Mary B. Culbert and Sara Campos; MaryBeth Musumeci, Elizabeth Weeks Leonard, and Brutrinia D. Arellano; Libby Adler; and Paulette J. Williams. The editorial board includes Raquel Aldana, Steven Bender, Olympia Duhart, Michele Benedetto Neitz, Angela Onwuachi-Willig, Hari Osofsky, and Hazel Weiser. |
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| Immigration and Inequality | Card, David | ||
| Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United States | Gordon H. Hanson |
Illegal Migration from Mexico to the United StatesAuthor: Gordon H. HansonPublisher: Date: 04/2006 |
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